Absrtact: News production has moved from "primary communication" to "secondary communication" era. In order to do a good job of "secondary communication" news products, the traditional media itself needs to adjust, explore the path from "primary communication" to "secondary communication", update the writing style and reporting form, realize their complementarity, from addition to integration, and achieve the "1+2 > 3" communication intensity.

Keywords: "once spread"; "secondary transmission"; media convergence

More than 30 years ago, the American scholar Itcher Soller Poole first put forward the concept of "media convergence". Today, with the media change of China’s network from fixed network to mobile network, the traditional communication market is shrinking day by day. Then, traditional media have sought "new outlets", and media integration has really become a "frontier phenomenon" of news communication.

The media circles began to make various attempts at "integration". As a result, there are "integration" practices such as central kitchen and media platform. However, after several years of "touching the net", it seems that the traditional media have inevitably encountered obstacles to development on the road of "integrating media".

■ News is more "new" and needs a win-win situation-

Form an "effective secondary communication" of traditional media in cooperation

In 2015, The First Year of Convergence-Annual Report on Media Convergence Development in China compiled by People’s Daily was published. If we count from 2014, China’s media integration has gone through six years. In these six years, mainstream media such as Liberation Army Daily have made various efforts on the road of integration and gained valuable practical experience.

Up to now, all kinds of mobile phone apps developed by the PLA News Communication Center and WeChat official account have achieved "touching the net". However, we must face the reality that in the era of the rapid development of mobile phones from the media, traditional media news is often not direct enough, relatively slow, and the communication effect is not obvious.

In 2019, when President Xi participated in the collective study of all-media era and media integration development in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, he emphasized that to promote media integration development, it is necessary to enlarge and strengthen mainstream public opinion. In today’s communication era dominated by mobile phones, it is necessary to ensure the effective communication of traditional media news in order to "make the mainstream public opinion bigger and stronger". In other words, traditional media must do a good job of "secondary communication".

On September 20, 2020, the People’s Liberation Army Daily published the article "15 kinds of new clothes, such as new warm training clothes", which was immediately reprinted and released from the "No.1 sentry post" and "Three Musketeers" in WeChat official account, and attached the "buyer show for border guards and soldiers", with both hits exceeding 100,000+.

At the same time, the People’s Army, the Western Army bugle, the Karakorum Guardian and other media in WeChat official account also "re-processed" relevant news within a few hours and quickly pushed it, which once again broadened the communication channel of this traditional news. Compared with traditional newspaper communication, the audience group of new media communication has changed, and the audience coverage is wider through the "secondary communication" on the mobile phone side.

In the mobile phone environment, people get news more according to their personal interests. Therefore, the "secondary communication App" that integrates and edits news according to individual needs is very popular. In 2019, the top 10 domestic news apps were: Today Headline, Tencent News, Netease News, Phoenix News, Sina News, Daily Express, UC Headline, Sohu News, ZAKER News, and a little information.

It is worth noting that in the top 10 apps, although there are some "first-hand news" productions, such as Phoenix News, the self-manuscript rate is relatively high, but most news articles or content productions are from "secondary news". That is to say, the product source of "secondary news" that people pay attention to comes from "primary news", which is the news production platform of traditional media.

The writing style, reporting form and "depth" degree of "primary news" directly affect the quality of "secondary news" products, thus affecting the whole communication chain.

How to make news more "new"?

Today, news products "primary communication" cannot replace "secondary communication", and news products organized by "secondary communication news" have become the mainstream of mass news consumption. How to make the "secondary communication" of traditional media improve the effect and force the traditional media to realize the transformation and development of content and form is a new topic.

■ Deep integration is not "grafting"-

"One-time news" producers should devote themselves to improving product quality.

In the self-media WeChat official account, which walks away from the road of "secondary communication", "No.1 sentry post" leads the communication trend.

In the late autumn of 2020, the People’s Liberation Army Daily published a series of logistics support news about "food, clothing, housing and transportation". Within a month, "No.1 sentry post" successively updated WeChat official account’s article: "New combat uniform, debut!" "Finally! Fifteen new types of border patrols have been installed and collected. ""The People’s Liberation Army is engaged in infrastructure construction at the grassroots level. This must be praised! " "Brother Bing, it is necessary to cool down!" "Finally! Type 20 is loaded and type 19 military products are distributed! " "Live for a long time! The troops distributed field washing machines. "

The same news content, they are good at "secondary processing": repackaging words, collecting videos and photos, integrating screenshots of netizens’ interaction, enhancing publicity resonance through interaction, sincere and grounded expression, which makes people feel the charm of "self-media net text". In addition, they also integrate news links into the page, and concentrate on packaging and pushing to increase the amount of news information.

This kind of "second dissemination news" has also been ridiculed by netizens as "manuscript washing". However, their "click data" of 100,000+proves the desirability of this media convergence operation mode-"secondary communication" can last for the publicity effect of "primary communication".

In the discussion of media convergence, people are generally willing to understand "convergence" as "production transfer" from traditional media to online media, or "content transplantation" from traditional media to online media.

The "production transfer" from traditional media to online media is indeed a style of media integration. However, the successful experience of "No.1 sentry post" reminds us that the better integration mode is not simply to "graft" traditional media to interactive media, build a newspaper electronic database, develop a mobile App, or upload electronic versions and pictures to the network platform to achieve the integration goal.

Because such media convergence is not an open convergence, it is a "closed loop" road of independent production and operation. Mobile phone news communication, "closed loop" form of news communication is difficult to effectively "penetrate". If you want to make traditional news and positive energy enter the mobile phone effectively, it is an effective attempt and choice to get out of "closed-loop communication". Of course, there is not only one way of media integration, but also other "ways".

Media convergence needs communication cooperation. On the issue of media cooperation, a news industry expert once said: "The future path of media integration must be cross-media cooperation between platforms and content producers, and they need to take their own needs, debug themselves, move towards each other and domesticate each other."

In this regard, the author also feels the same way. However, the author and the expert’s views are not completely consistent. What we call communication cooperation is formed on the basis of propaganda division of labor. Only by further division of labor can the quality and productivity of news products be improved together.

"Division of labor" refers to the task decomposition of news content production and "secondary communication" on the mobile phone side. Content producers-producers of "primary news" should strive to improve news quality and communication efficiency, for example, by means of in-depth reports, charts and news links, to improve the extensibility and readability of news products, so that they can better meet the needs of "secondary communication".

The "secondary communication" platform should make better use of the information provided by "primary communication" products, so that it can better achieve the goal of traditional news communication through "secondary communication". At the same time, through the cooperation with the mobile phone platform, it will bring more penetrating communication effects to mainstream news.

■ Sincere and broad fusion mind-

Facing the "secondary communication", do your homework well.

Regardless of "primary communication" or "secondary communication", the key to determining the communication efficiency is the audience.

For a long time, the audience groups faced by traditional media are relatively fixed. Therefore, traditional media and new media should do their homework in terms of voice, reporting angle and depth.

Editors and journalists also need to do their homework. Traditional media reporters face traditional audiences, and their language and reporting angles are relatively solid, but it is difficult to "earn traffic" on the mobile phone side. The voice of new media can meet the needs of most netizens, but it is difficult to fully present it in traditional media, especially in newspapers, so it is difficult to become a business orientation.

Under the development trend of "secondary news dissemination", traditional media should have a broad mind of integration if they want to complete their historical tasks.

What do we need to do?

The first is to improve the quality of "primary communication" content production, and properly invest energy to complete "secondary communication" to ensure the influence of traditional news communication on mobile phone news consumption.

Secondly, we should carefully study the characteristics of the "second spread" news, and make a proper "turn around" when producing the "first spread news": it should be more lively, easy to understand and more enjoyable, and the sentences should not be like official documents or recitations. However, it needs long-term business accumulation and sharpening, and it needs to learn and study the text characteristics of "secondary news dissemination" to form its own style and style.

At the same time, we should abandon traditional writing techniques and increase in-depth reporting in "one-time news dissemination". Editors should accept news stories, learn to write stories and tell stories, so as to make them deeper, livelier and better-looking, and make traditional media have more initiative in communication.

On November 15, 2020, the People’s Liberation Army Daily published a heavy news that the backbone of newly trained cadres had post allowances. In the afternoon, "No.1 sentry post" issued "official announcement! This post allowance has been paid! " A penny. This news commentary, with an unofficial style, made a "second editing" of the newspaper manuscript, explaining the implementation of the policy in a simple way. Within 2 hours of publication, the article reached 47,000 readings.

It can be seen that in the field of "secondary communication", the consciousness and ability of "secondary editing" are needed. On the mobile phone platform, traditional media should not only act as "porters" but also become "architects", and adaptively transform "one-time news dissemination" in the fields of content and interaction.

It needs to be clear here that "secondary editing" is an innovation of "one-time news dissemination". However, if the "secondary news" contains valuable news clues, traditional media should also interpret it quickly. This interpretation mode should focus on in-depth reporting, so as to "renovate" the "old news" again and promote the quality improvement of the "one-time news" product.

In recent years, some people criticize mobile phone news, calling it "increasing traffic and attracting attention", which leads to the prevalence of "fake news and headline party". This phenomenon does exist. We should seriously study the law of "secondary communication" and form our own style of "primary communication news" on the basis of learning, so as to more effectively narrow the distance between traditional news and mobile phone users.

(The author is the head of the combat readiness logistics group of the military news editing room of the People’s Liberation Army newspaper)

　 　 The film is adapted from patricia highsmith’s novel The Price Of Salt. The story is about new york in the 1950s. Trish, a young and lonely salesgirl in a department store in her twenties, met Carol, a beautiful middle-aged woman who was rich but lost. After meeting, they fell in love like wildfire, but neither of them was sure whether it was love or the beginning of a disaster. At that time, love between women was not allowed in that society, and whether two female lovers could hold on to their emotions under the pressure of strong social norms became the climax of the whole story.

　 　 Director Todd Haynes has directed acclaimed tribute to psychedelic rock films, and his previous film with Blanchett won the Best Film and the Jury Award at the Venice Film Festival in 2007. His latest work is "A Floating Life" starring kate winslet, which is a small drama series based on black classic novels.

　 　 Cate Blanchett, the star of the film, appeared on the big screen for the last time or the fairy queen in the movie. After that, she went to Australia to cross the border and became addicted to directing, and participated in shooting a collection of short films called The Turning. Next, she will appear in two new films directed by terrence malick, as well as Woody Allen’s and.The Hobbit 2: The Desert of Shi Maoge. At present, she is shooting a new film by George Clooney.

　 　 Playing the young salesgirl is "Alice" mia wasikowska, who has just co-starred with Nick Kidman in Korean director Park Chan-wook’s, and will appear in Richard Ayoade’s new film and jim jarmusch’s.

　 　 At present, the script is being written by Phyllis Nagy, the screenwriter of mrs. harris. Producer Elizabeth Carlson excitedly praised director Todd as "a very talented director in the film industry at present." It is undoubtedly a dream come true for us to be able to direct this film by him. "

Source: CCTV Comprehensive People’s Daily Health Client, Beijing Daily, Red Star News, Future Network.

On the morning of February 27th,

Oseltamivir ranks first in hot search.

Seeing that "H1N1" has entered a period of high incidence,

Do we need to "grab medicine"?

01

"A stream" has a single-day search volume of nearly 70,000

recent days

"H1N1" and norovirus infection

Enter the high season,

This sense of rotation is mainly caused by H1N1 virus infection.

According to the monitoring data of the National Influenza Center,

In the seventh week of 2023 (February 13th to 19th),

Influenza virus in southern and northern provinces

The positive rate of detection continues to rise.

On February 22nd,

Beijing CDC released a message,

Among the influenza viruses currently prevalent in Beijing,

Influenza A virus infection is dominant,

Among them, subtype A (H1N1) accounts for 64%,

A H3N2 accounts for 35%,

Influenza B accounts for 1%.

According to a search index,

recent days

Search and coverage of "A stream"

Showing a significant upward trend,

On February 24th only,

There are 69417 searches.

The doctor said,

The recent fever and fatigue may be caused by "A stream".

You can go to the hospital for nucleic acid testing,

Nucleic acid detection can also detect H1N1 virus.

And if there are symptoms of diarrhea,

It is important to consider that you may be infected with norovirus.

Generally, symptoms of digestive tract will be milder after being infected with influenza A virus.

"The cycle of influenza outbreaks this year has been slightly delayed."

Beijing No.1 Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

Li Liyan, director of the emergency infection department, said,

Over 65 years old, immunocompromised, suffering from basic diseases,

Pregnant women, children, obesity, etc

Focus on prevention and control of people,

Once the symptoms of suspected influenza A appear,

Need urgent medical treatment.

02

Out of stock in many places

"H1N1" invasion,

Oseltamivir, known as the "magic medicine" for treating influenza.

Pushed to the tuyere again,

There is a hot sale or even shortage or out of stock.

Inquire about an e-commerce platform,

15mg*10 bags/box of oseltamivir phosphate granules

Price 60 yuan, monthly sales of 60,000+,

Sales of another specification also reached 10,000+;

75mg*6 capsules/box of oseltamivir phosphate capsules

Price 85 yuan, monthly sales of 10,000+;

The price of oseltamivir phosphate dry suspension is

109 yuan/bottle, sales of 2000+.

Compared with express delivery,

The distribution channels of oseltamivir in the same city are not so smooth.

An office area in Chaoyang District, Beijing,

Only nine pharmacies can deliver oseltamivir on the same day.

A residential area in Haidian District

There are only 9 pharmacies that can be delivered immediately;

Then switch the positioning to

A residential area in Jing ‘an District, Shanghai,

A residential area in Wuhou District, Chengdu,

Number of pharmacies that can deliver oseltamivir on the same day

There are 5 and 1 respectively.

The reporter visited some offline pharmacies.

Many pharmacies in Beijing said that,

Recently, due to the large number of people suffering from "H1N1",

Many people come to the drugstore to buy oseltamivir.

Some pharmacy staff said

Oseltamivir is out of stock;

Some pharmacies have oseltamivir granules

And capsules have just been sold out,

The staff said

You can ask again in a day or two.

A person in charge of a pharmacy in Beijing said,

"Now there are only oseltamivir capsules in the store.

The granules won’t be available until an hour or two later.

Because the flu comes and goes,

This medicine is useless for colds,

So we won’t get in too much,

They are all sold as you enter. "

And a pharmacy employee in Chengdu said,

At present, the pharmacy only has oseltamivir granules.

Capsules have been sold out,

We have to wait for replenishment the next day.

03

OseltamivirNot suitable for "long-term use and self-use"

Oseltamivir (oseltamivir) is

A specific inhibitor acting on neuraminidase,

Can inhibit the further increase of the number of influenza viruses,

So as to inhibit influenza virus.

Spread in the body to reduce pathogenicity.

Mainly used for the treatment and prevention of influenza A and B..

Li Liyan introduced,

Oseltamivir for inhibiting influenza A virus

Have a certain effect,

But it has certain drug resistance,

Not suitable for long-term use.

"oseltamivir is a prescription drug,

Be sure to pay attention when using. "

Li Liyan said,

Can be used as an immune-deficient

High-risk group of severe influenza

Emergency temporary preventive measures,

It is best to take it under the guidance of a doctor.

In terms of daily diet,

Pay attention to drink plenty of water and rest.

Eat some light and digestible food rich in protein.

Beijing you’ an hospital infection comprehensive department

Chief physician Li Dong once said,

Neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir

It is a preventive and therapeutic drug for influenza A,

The patient takes it within 48 hours after onset,

Can significantly reduce the incidence of severe influenza and death.

"If you are at work or school,

Close contact with patients with swine flu without wearing a mask,

You can take oseltamivir to prevent H1N1 virus infection.

But oseltamivir

These antiviral drugs are prescription drugs,

It should be used under the guidance of a doctor.

It is not advisable to take it by yourself. "

He pointed out that,

Vaccinate against influenza

It is the most effective means to prevent influenza.

Beijing ditan hospital, Vice President of Capital Medical University.

Chief physician of infectious disease clinical center

Jiang Rongmeng said,

There is now a tetravalent vaccine.

Can prevent influenza A H1 and influenza A H3.

And two branch in stream B,

These four types of influenza viruses.

04

How to alleviate anxiety about "virus"?

Behind the "grabbing medicine",

It is people’s anxiety about "virus".

In fact,

Most patients infected with influenza

They are all mild cases.

Jiang Rongmeng pointed out that,

Virus infection actually follows a rule,

The iceberg phenomenon,

The incidence after infection is relatively small,

Severe illness is a minority after the onset.

This applies to most viral infections,

Especially after a period of popularity,

This is a universal law,

So we don’t need to be anxious.

Keep a good attitude,

Maintain normal immunity.

As long as our immune state is normal,

Even with the virus,

The risk of severe illness will also be greatly reduced.

　　According to "Palm Ruili" WeChat in WeChat official account, from 00: 00 to 24: 00 on March 14th, there were 2 new confirmed cases in COVID-19 and 9 asymptomatic infected cases in Ruili.

　　Confirmed case 1:Nanmou, female, 31 years old, now lives in the village group of the village Committee of Eluo, Jiexiang Town, Ruili City.

　　At 23:00 on March 8, as a close contact of the found case, it was transferred to a centralized isolation point for isolation observation.

　　On March 13th, it was found in the centralized isolation point, that is, it was transported by negative pressure ambulance to the designated treatment hospital for isolation and diagnosis, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case in COVID-19.

　　Confirmed case 2:Zumou, female, 7 years old, now lives in Nanlao Village Group, Nongdao Village Committee, Nongdao Town, Ruili City.

　　On March 9, I was at home from 13: 00 to 14: 00, and stayed at home the rest of the time.

　　On March 10, I stayed at home, and the nucleic acid test was taken by the staff.

　　At 14:00 on March 11th, as a close contact of the found cases, they were transported to a centralized isolation point for isolation observation.

　　On March 14th, it was found in the centralized isolation point, that is, it was transported to the designated treatment hospital by negative pressure ambulance for isolation and diagnosis, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case in COVID-19.

　　Asymptomatic infection 1:Li, male, 5 years old, now lives in Nanlao Village Group, Nongdao Village Committee, Nongdao Town, Ruili City.

　　During March 9-10, the nucleic acid test was carried out by the staff at home on the 10th, and stayed at home the rest of the time.

　　At 14:00 on March 11th, as a close contact of the found cases, they were transported to a centralized isolation point for isolation observation.

　　On March 14th, it was found in the centralized isolation point, that is, it was transported to the designated treatment hospital by negative pressure ambulance for isolation and diagnosis, and it was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection in COVID-19.

　　Asymptomatic infection 2:Cao Moumou, female, 4 years old, now lives in Diesha Village Group, Xiuxiu Village Committee, Nongdao Town, Ruili City.

　　I stayed at home from March 8 to 9.

　　At 23:00 on March 10, as a close contact of the found case, it was transported to a centralized isolation point for isolation observation.

　　On March 14th, it was found in the centralized isolation point, that is, it was transported to the designated treatment hospital by negative pressure ambulance for isolation and diagnosis, and it was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection in COVID-19.

　　Asymptomatic infection 3:Yang Moumou, male, 36 years old, now lives in Zhengyang Road, National Defense Community, Wanding Town, Ruili City.

　　From March 8 to 9, I stayed at home.

　　During the period from March 10th to 11th, I worked at my office from 7: 40 to 12: 00 and from 14: 20 to 17: 00 every day, and stayed at home the rest of the time.

　　I stayed at home on March 12th.

　　At 9:00 on March 13th, I went to the nucleic acid collection point of Wanding Cultural Center, and stayed at home the rest of the time.

　　On March 14th, in the nucleic acid screening in the closed control area, it was found that it was transferred to the designated treatment hospital by negative pressure ambulance for isolation and diagnosis, and it was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection in COVID-19.

　　Asymptomatic infection 4:Zhang Moumou, female, 76 years old, now lives in Tenglong Lane, Minzhu Street, Minzhu Street, Wanding Town, Ruili City.

　　I stayed at home on March 8.

　　At 15:10 on March 9, I went to the nucleic acid collection point in Tenglong Lane for sampling, and I didn’t go out the rest of the time.

　　From March 10th to 13th, I stayed at home. On the 11th and 12th, the staff took samples at home.

　　On March 14th, in the nucleic acid screening in the closed control area, it was found that it was transferred to the designated treatment hospital by negative pressure ambulance for isolation and diagnosis, and it was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection in COVID-19.

　　Asymptomatic infection 5:Shuai Moumou, female, 83 years old, now lives in the village group of Jiexiang Lane, Hesai Village Committee, Jiexiang Town, Ruili City.

　　From March 8 to 13, I stayed at home, and on March 11 and 13, the staff took samples at home.

　　On March 14th, in the nucleic acid screening in the closed control area, it was found that it was transferred to the designated treatment hospital by negative pressure ambulance for isolation and diagnosis, and it was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection in COVID-19.

　　Asymptomatic infection 6:Yang Moumou, male, 63 years old, lives next to the building hotel of Ruijing Road, Mengmao Street, Ruili City.

　　From March 9 to 11, I stayed at home, and on the 9th and 10th, I was sampled by the staff.

　　Throw garbage at the intersection of Ruijing Road at 12:00 on March 12th, and stay at home the rest of the time.

　　On March 13th, I stayed at home, during which I was sampled by the staff.

　　On March 14th, in the nucleic acid screening in the closed control area, it was found that it was transferred to the designated treatment hospital by negative pressure ambulance for isolation and diagnosis, and it was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection in COVID-19.

　　Asymptomatic infection 7:Liu Moumou, female, 26 years old, now lives in Pan Asia International Community, Ruijiang Road, Mengmao Street, Ruili City.

　　On March 9, I went home after sampling at the nucleic acid collection point in the community at 14:55, picked up the takeaway at the door of the community at 18:00, and stayed at home the rest of the time.

　　At 16:04 on March 10, I went home after sampling at the nucleic acid collection point in the community, and stayed at home the rest of the time.

　　On March 11th, I went to the nucleic acid collection point at 10:15, picked up vegetables at the gate of the community at 12:30, and stayed at home the rest of the time.

　　At 14:57 on March 12, I went shopping at Jushang convenience store in the community, picked up fruit at the door of the community at 19:00, and stayed at home the rest of the time.

　　At 10:20 on March 13th, I went to the nucleic acid collection point in the community for sampling, and stayed at home the rest of the time.

　　On March 14th, in the nucleic acid screening in the closed control area, it was found that it was transferred to the designated treatment hospital by negative pressure ambulance for isolation and diagnosis, and it was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection in COVID-19.

　　Asymptomatic infection 8:Li Moumou, female, 50 years old, now lives in Shuangmao Village Group of Tuanjie Village Committee, Mengmao Street, Ruili City.

　　At 8:20 on March 8, I went to the nucleic acid collection point in the village for sampling, and stayed at home the rest of the time.

　　At 14:00 on March 9, as a close contact of the found case, it was transferred to a centralized isolation point for isolation observation.

　　On March 14th, it was found in the centralized isolation point, that is, it was transported to the designated treatment hospital by negative pressure ambulance for isolation and diagnosis, and it was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection in COVID-19.

　　Asymptomatic infection 9:Chen Moumou, female, aged 11, now lives in Star Apartment, Jingcheng Garden, Maoxiang Community, Mengmao Street, Ruili City.

　　At 17:00 on March 8, as a close contact of the found case, it was transferred to a centralized isolation point for isolation observation.

　　On March 14th, it was found in the centralized isolation point, that is, it was transported to the designated treatment hospital by negative pressure ambulance for isolation and diagnosis, and it was diagnosed as asymptomatic infection in COVID-19.

　　Please take the initiative to report to the grid staff or the community and village Committee if there are people with the above action trajectories.

CCTV News:The Spring Festival holiday is coming to an end, and various places have ushered in the peak of return. Although all parties have increased their security, there are still some passengers who cannot buy return tickets. If you can’t return to work on time because you can’t buy a ticket, will it be counted as absenteeism?

Professor Shen Jianfeng from the Central University of Finance and Economics said that it is a basic rule that workers should return to their posts in time after the Spring Festival holiday. If there is no way to buy a ticket because the ticket is tight, the worker should ask for leave in time so that the employer can make good work arrangements. Failure to ask for leave in time may constitute absenteeism. Of course, the question here is whether the employer has the right to start calculating absenteeism directly without allowing personal leave. It depends on whether the laborer has exhausted the reasonable means of purchasing tickets. If the laborer has exhausted reasonable means of purchasing tickets and still can’t buy tickets, the employer should grant personal leave instead of refusing to take time off to calculate absenteeism, otherwise it will constitute abuse of management authority.

Is it absenteeism if you can’t return to work on time in case of force majeure?

If you have bought a return ticket, but you can’t return to work on time due to weather, train failure and other reasons, will it be regarded as absenteeism?

Professor Shen Jianfeng from the Central University of Finance and Economics explained this. If the related trains and flights are cancelled due to weather and passenger transport management, and the workers cannot return to their posts on time, they also need to inform the employer in time and provide relevant evidence. In this case, the employer should not treat the employee as absenteeism, and the salary during the period when he can’t return to work should be paid according to the unit’s personal leave salary rules.

　　

Mixing dough, kneading dough and mixing materials … … A bowl of spicy and delicious Chongqing noodles is out of the pot. On May 26th, in a labor class at Chongguang Primary School in Liangjiang New District, Chongqing, students experienced the whole process of making Chongqing noodles, tasted the delicious noodles made by themselves, and learned new labor skills in interesting activities. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Weishe

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 30 (Reporter Li Shuangxi, Wang Ying, Zhou Chang) "The sun is shining, the rooster sings three songs, the flowers wake up, and the birds are busy dressing up … … To learn from magpies to build new houses, to learn from bees to collect honey, the joy of labor is inexhaustible, and the creation of labor is the most glorious. "

　　A children’s song named "The Glory of Labor" is an unforgettable childhood memory of several generations of China children, and it is also the first memory to guide them to work and love work. A few days ago, the Ministry of Education issued the Labor Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education (2022 Edition). Starting this autumn, the labor course will be officially upgraded to an independent course in primary and secondary schools.

　　After the release of the standards, some parents expressed their "support with both hands and feet" for the upgrading of labor education, and some parents were worried about the problems such as lack of teaching AIDS, outdated educational content, high teaching risk and formal evaluation. Will the new labor class be alienated into "parents’ homework and family burden"? Xinhua News Agency reporters conducted an investigation on related issues.

　　Marginalization and formalization? The upgrading of children’s labor education needs to be done simultaneously.

　　According to the new curriculum standard, the content of labor curriculum is divided into three categories: daily life labor, productive labor and service labor, and there are 10 task groups. The difficulty is also from shallow to deep, from sweeping the floor, washing clothes, raising plants and raising small animals in the lower grades of primary school, mixing cold dishes, heating steamed buns and steamed buns, boiling eggs and dumplings, learning to use small household appliances and paper workers, masons, cloth art, weaving, etc., to making 3-4 dishes independently in junior high school; Simple disassembly, cleaning and maintenance of household appliances; Practice aquaculture and paddy field farming; Familiar with a craft such as pottery, paper, cloth; Experience carpentry, metalworking, electronics, etc. Even experience new technologies such as three-dimensional printing technology, laser cutting technology and numerical control processing technology.

　　Parents and teachers in many places said that the new curriculum standard of labor class is rich in content, clear in level, systematic and scientific, and has a clear sense of "upgrading". However, to truly achieve the educational effect of guiding children to work and love labor, the premise is to get rid of some "chronic diseases" that existed in the field of labor education before.

　　Some parents are overprotective and overstep their responsibilities. "Children have been in school for six years and have not participated in a campus cleaning. Parents do it for them." Wang Dongming, a citizen of Changchun, said that as a representative of the parents’ committee, he would call parents to work for their children every time the school was cleaned. "Like changing classrooms, moving desks and chairs, making class cards in sports games, looking after items, etc., parents will do the work for these students."

　　Some teaching contents are out of touch with labor practice. Guo Xiaolu, a second-grade parent of a primary school in Changchun, told reporters that parents should not only complete all kinds of comprehensive practical activities assigned by the class, but also pose for their children. "When the teacher talks about pure theory in class, let the children go home to cook. How to cut vegetables, fire and use oil? The children have no experience. What should I do if I get hurt? In the end, parents have to do it. "

　　Part of the teaching difficulty does not match the student stage. "Sometimes it’s really too curly!" A parent in Hefei said that the school had arranged for junior primary school students to make rocket models by hand. "Children which meeting do rocket model? Parents are not allowed to do it for them. " The reporter also learned that it is not uncommon for parents to choose Taobao to buy handmade finished products to hand in their homework because the manual homework arranged by the school is too difficult, or they are afraid that the quality of the completion is not high enough to be compared with other parents.

　　There are still some deviations in the orientation of family education. "If you don’t study hard, you will sell labor in the future." Xu Jing, executive principal of the East Campus of Hefei 168 Rose Garden School, Anhui Province, said that the purpose of experiencing all kinds of labor, especially some manual labor, is to establish children’s correct values of knowing and loving labor, but this has become a negative example for parents to "intimidate" children to study hard in some family education, which seriously affects children’s correct understanding of labor value.

　　To implement the new curriculum standard of labor class, we still need to dispel these concerns.

　　Some parents, teachers and schools expressed their concerns about the safety, professionalism and complexity of the courses related to the new curriculum standard of labor class.

　　Will the difficulty coefficient be too large? Zhang Xuedong, a parent in Changchun, said that if many courses are not operated by professional equipment under the guidance of special personnel at school, parents will not operate them after returning home, such as repairing household appliances, carpentry and metalworking. Many parents have no experience. "Not to mention new technologies like three-dimensional printing, laser cutting and intelligent numerical control."

　　Will the risk factor be high? Cooking class needs fire and electricity, and it needs to cut vegetables with a knife; Maintenance of household appliances requires screwdriver and electric welding; Pesticides may also be used to grow vegetables and raise poultry. The new curriculum involves many instruments and articles with high risks and strict control by the school. "What should I do if a student makes an operational mistake during class, resulting in injury to himself or his classmates?" A primary school vice principal in charge of teaching said that "the pressure of school responsibility is very great".

　　In addition, a teacher who has been engaged in labor teaching for many years said that taking cooking class as an example, even if teaching is conducted in the school cafeteria, most of the food made by students is not cooked, burnt or the seasonings such as salt exceed the standard, which poses food safety risks. If all of them are dumped, food may be wasted.

　　Will the teaching pressure be biased? The reporter found that many local primary and secondary school labor teachers are part-time, and the majors of a few full-time teachers have nothing to do with labor classes. There is no small pressure to complete the systematic and meticulous new curriculum standards. "I am the only labor teacher in the school, responsible for all grades. If you want to start classes according to the requirements of the new curriculum standard, it is really stretched. " A labor teacher who teaches in a public school in Changchun said.

　　Optimize safety, curriculum and evaluation, and comprehensively empower labor education to upgrade.

　　Education experts and front-line teachers said that the upgrading of children’s labor education can be successfully completed as long as the safety measures, curriculum content, evaluation system and other issues are considered in advance and the system is optimized.

　　Safety education is a priority. Wang Wei, director of the comprehensive practice department of Liwang Experimental Primary School attached to Changchun Jida University, said that designing teaching tools, such as ceramic knives or plastic knives for cooking classes, crochet needles for knitting classes, etc., and formulating strict safety operation and teaching procedures for labor classes, and making preventive and emergency plans. "In particular, safety knowledge and precautions should be clearly explained to students before class, and teachers should follow up the care all the time."

　　Campus labor world is wide. Fangling Primary School in Shenhe District, Shenyang City has opened up a hundred herbs garden, a hundred flowers garden and a hundred valleys garden in the corners around the teaching building, teaching junior students to plant vegetables and grains, and teaching middle and senior students to plant flowers and Chinese herbal medicines. Gudian Middle School in Fengtai County, Anhui Province has opened a labor practice base "Baifeng Garden" in the school, which is divided into different labor practice activity areas by class, and each class can carry out labor practice activities in a planned and organized way.

　　Curriculum design is more scientific. The Second Primary School of Erjing Street in Shenhe District of Shenyang arranges students to learn one of the eight cuisines every semester from the third grade. "By gradually designing the difficulty of cooking courses from shallow to deep, many students can master several specialty dishes in senior grades." Principal Zhang Yan said. Xu Jing said that the East Campus of the 168 Rose Garden School in Hefei, Anhui Province has set up a labor education workshop and a "workshop owner". The school has set up different types of labor classes according to the needs of students of different grades, such as learning to pack schoolbags in junior grades and folding raincoats in senior grades, and combining labor education with education in fine arts, biology and other disciplines.

　　The assessment requirements are more pragmatic. Zhang Lihua, a teacher and researcher of labor education in Shenhe District, Shenyang, said that the daily accumulation and the final performance evaluation should be integrated to evaluate the differences. Xu Jing suggested that the relevant departments should provide special training and guidance on the evaluation standards of labor education, which is conducive to the implementation of grassroots schools.

　　Excavating teachers is more sufficient. "Teachers are the core engine for the upgrading of children’s labor education." Wang Juan, principal of Fangling Primary School, said that the school appointed teachers majoring in horticulture as full-time labor teachers, and arranged for lecturers from Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine to come to the school once a week to give lectures on related topics. "Teachers in the school have special skills, and there are professionals outside the school to guide them, forming an energy field that continues to empower children’s labor education."

　　Wang Wei suggested that parents should cultivate their children’s labor consciousness from an early age, guide their children to do their own things, and assist parents to do housework as much as they can, so that labor education can achieve the connection between home and school and get twice the result with half the effort.

You know what?

Today is the first day30 international disaster reduction days!

This year’s theme is

"Strengthening the building of resilience and improving the level of disaster prevention and control"

aboutInternational Day for Disaster Reduction

>>Establishment of the International Day for Disaster Reduction:

Can be traced back to1989Years. Earlier, in order to promote risk awareness and a global culture of disaster reduction, the United Nations General Assembly proposed the establishment of an international day. Now, every year,10moon13The commemoration of the International Day for Disaster Reduction (IDD) held on April 20 aims to appreciate the efforts made by people and communities all over the world to reduce the risk of disasters and raise their awareness of the importance of the risks they face.

>>Natural disasters refer to:

Natural phenomena that endanger human survival or damage human living environment include drought, high temperature, low temperature, cold wave, flood, flash flood, typhoon, tornado, fire tornado, hail, wind hail, frost, rainstorm, blizzard, freezing rain, fog, gale, ice, haze, smog, earthquake, tsunami, debris flow, floating dust, sand blowing, sandstorm and so on.

>>Main impacts of natural disasters:

oneDisasters can bring substantial trauma and mental disorders.

2Most of the pain disappears within a year or two after the disaster and people can adjust themselves.

threeChronic mental disorders caused by disasters are very rare.

fourThe overall impact of some disasters may be positive because it may increase social cohesion.

fiveDisasters disrupt the life of organizations, families and individuals.

>>Objectives of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction:

Through concerted international action, especially in developing countries, we will reduce the loss of life and property and social and economic imbalance caused by earthquakes, windstorms, tsunamis, floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, grasshoppers and locusts, droughts and desertification, and other natural disasters.

>>Objectives of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction:

oneEnhance the ability of each country to reduce the impact of natural disasters quickly and effectively, and pay special attention to helping developing countries in need to set up early warning systems and disaster-resistant structures.

2Considering the different cultural and economic conditions of different countries, formulate appropriate policies and strategies for using existing scientific and technological knowledge.

threeEncourage all kinds of science and technology to fill key gaps in knowledge.

fourDevelop measures to evaluate, predict and mitigate natural disasters through technical assistance and technology transfer, demonstration projects, education and training, and evaluate these programs and effectiveness.

　　According to the website of the Ministry of Education on January 21st, recently, the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Promoting the Qualification Reform of Primary and Secondary School Teachers for Normal Students, implementing the decision of the the State Council Executive Meeting, continuing to deepen the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, and continuing to carry out the reform of the examination-free accreditation of normal students in relevant colleges and universities on the basis of the reform of the examination-free accreditation of education graduate students and public-funded normal students.

　　The notice pointed out that according to the conditions for running a normal school and the audit results of running a school, the scope of the examination-free certification reform is delineated. Relevant normal majors in colleges and universities that joined the pilot provinces of the national primary and secondary school teacher qualification examination reform in 2017 and before can participate in the examination-free certification reform from 2022.

　　The circular requires that institutions of higher learning that implement the examination-free accreditation reform should establish and improve the assessment system of normal students’ educational and teaching ability, and classify and determine the teaching sections and disciplines according to the talent training objectives of normal majors. It is necessary to increase investment in normal education, integrate resources, and constantly improve the quality of training normal professionals. We should conscientiously do a good job in the issuance of the "Certificate of Teachers’ Professional Ability for Normal Students" and the submission of relevant data for the identification of exemption from examination. Education administrative departments at all levels should strengthen supervision, strengthen the quality monitoring of the training process and results of normal students, and guide colleges and universities to do a good job in the assessment and identification of normal students’ educational and teaching ability.

　　The notice stressed that if the relevant colleges and universities arbitrarily expand the scope of exemption from examination, or fail to issue the "Professional Ability Certificate for Teachers of Normal Students" for unqualified students, or neglect their duties or engage in malpractices for personal gain in the reform of exemption from examination, they will cancel the qualification of exemption from examination for relevant normal majors in accordance with the regulations, reduce the enrollment indicators of relevant normal majors in schools, and investigate the responsibilities of the main responsible persons and related personnel of schools.