Xinhua News Agency, Changsha, February 17th (Reporter Shi Weiyan) Homesickness! Miss! Urgent! How much you long for a "go home".

Congestion Traffic jam! Blowout! Can you think of encountering a "blocking road that comes as soon as you say it"?

With the coming of Spring Festival travel rush, the number of expressway vehicles in China has increased dramatically. A section of "blocking" roads, either expected or unexpected, has trapped many people who return home for the New Year. The New Year’s Eve is approaching and the "home" is getting closer and closer. Is the highway carrying the hopes of self-drivers smooth or blocked? What is the traffic management department busy with? Can the eager wanderers arrive safely as scheduled?

    High-speed "hot" scenes are staged in many places.

Since February 4th, with the beginning of Spring Festival travel rush in 2015, the problem of "pendulum congestion" on expressways has once again been prominently placed in front of the "great migration" returnees.

According to the forecast of the Ministry of Transport, excluding buses and taxis, the number of passengers sent by Spring Festival travel rush in 2015 will reach 2.807 billion, of which road transport accounts for 2.42 billion, an increase of 2.5% over 2014.

Everything is as expected, and the traffic volume of high-speed vehicles keeps setting a new record. Only one week after the opening of Spring Festival travel rush, the number of road transport passengers in China exceeded 420 million.

On February 14th, just past Valentine’s Day, the hot high-speed traffic was just like a "preview":

In southern China, the Taimei service area of Huihe Expressway in Guangdong Province faces Jiangxi, and a large number of motor vehicles are crowded in the service area and the main highway, resulting in a serious backlog of vehicles;

In the eastern region, Hangzhou-Ruian Expressway is heading for Huangshan, and a large number of vehicles are blocked on the expressway, which has become a parking lot;

In the west, in Kunming, Yunnan Province, the traffic in Kunsong section of Kunqu Expressway is dense, with nearly 3 kilometers of vehicles stranded, making it the first traffic jam out of Kunming Expressway …

Due to the serious congestion problem reported by the masses, the reporter made a special trip to visit the Hunan section of Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway, the main artery of north-south traffic in China. A remarkable phenomenon is that due to the huge traffic flow from Guangdong to the north, the traffic congestion can reach several kilometers to dozens of kilometers in a short period of time due to minor accidents such as car scraping or fewer lanes at toll stations.

Due to road congestion, many returnees are forced to rest on the highway and feel bored. A driver who returned to his hometown in Henan from Foshan, Guangdong Province told reporters that the road was blocked for half a day, and it was possible to meet the next traffic jam point within a few tens of kilometers. The old and the young were stuck in the car, and the children were hungry and crying.

The expressway service area is also difficult to cope with because of the huge traffic volume. Every service area along the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway northward is full of people, and the following vehicles can only queue up on the expressway because they can’t enter, further aggravating the congestion.

    When people are on the road, caring becomes the most beautiful scenery.

Fortunately, in the "blocking road" that may come at any time, there is a joy that comes at any time.

The reporter found that local traffic management departments have urgently adopted various measures to alleviate congestion, such as increasing toll collection equipment at toll stations, channelizing toll plazas, increasing obstacle clearing and charging equipment, and forcing vehicle diversion, and achieved certain results.

At the Yuebei Toll Station of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway in northern Guangdong, the reporter saw that there was only one toll window in each lane, and now two toll points have been added in the cold open air. In order to speed up the toll collection, people who were originally engaged in administrative work have all worked hard at the first toll collection site.

Huang Cao ‘ai, a toll collector, told the reporter that the toll collectors implement the "three shifts a day". In order to reduce the number of times they go to the toilet, they try to fill the water only once or twice when they are on duty. "Girl, your hands are too cold!" A passing driver accidentally touched Xiao Huang’s hand when receiving his change, and could not help but say with emotion.

Peng Jianhui, captain of the Dajing Road Administration Squadron of Yueyang Expressway, said that the road officials who divert traffic are under great pressure. Since Spring Festival travel rush, they have not rested for many nights, and what they are most afraid of is the traffic jam at night. At about 11 o’clock on the evening of February 8, the Dajing section was blocked. Although the road administration had dredged the traffic and called in two directions to remind the vehicles to resume traffic, the long-distance truck drivers had simply fallen asleep, and when the road administration personnel walked several kilometers to wake up the drivers, it was already early in the morning.

Many touching stories have also been staged in the embarrassment of "people on the road".

At 11 o’clock on the evening of February 12, Li Yangping and his wife, who were going home for the New Year from Guangdong, and Li Yangping’s sister and his party drove into Huaihua service area of Jihuai Expressway in Hunan. His wife felt a pain in her stomach and wanted to go to the toilet, so her sister accompanied her to the toilet. "I just made a bowl of instant noodles in the service area, and I got a call from my sister saying that my wife gave birth to the child in the toilet. I had to ask the staff in the service area for help. " Li Yangping said.

"After receiving Li Yangping’s help, on the one hand, we dialed 120, and on the other hand, we quickly arranged for two female workers to enter the toilet." Mr. Sheng, manager of Huaihua service area, said that after the staff provided the necessary help, they immediately began to clear the emergency passage to prepare for the ambulance to enter the service area quickly. About 10 minutes, the ambulance arrived at the service area, and both adults and children were rushed to the hospital at 120. Then, the staff in the service area made great efforts to help them buy train tickets back to Sichuan. Li Yangping said with emotion that after the way home in Hunan during the Spring Festival this year, it was full of love.

    Traffic "Big Data" Helps Home Road

Different from previous years, the fashionable "big data" is becoming a "treasure" to ease Spring Festival travel rush’s journey.

In order to scientifically guide the traffic flow, traffic management departments all over the country have quoted "traffic big data" and recommended driving routes with data and graphics. On February 14th, the Guangzhou Municipal Commission of Communications issued the Spring Festival self-driving travel guidelines. It is predicted that according to the characteristics of previous Spring Festival travel, the 16th and 17th are the travel peaks, and the 23rd and 24th are the return peaks. There may be congestion in Beihuan Expressway, Guangzhou-Shenzhen Expressway, Guangqing Expressway, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, Nansha Port Expressway and Airport Expressway. It is recommended that the owner bypass and travel at the wrong peak.

Xiang Yu, the person in charge of the "Nandamen" Xiaotang Toll Station in Hunan section of Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway, predicted that the station will face great challenges after the holiday, and it is predicted that there will be "explosive growth", and the peak will be reached from the seventh day to the ninth day after the holiday, and the daily traffic volume is likely to exceed 50,000.

The insiders suggest that the transportation coordination and linkage mechanism between regions, especially across provinces, should be further improved on the basis of increasing investment in hardware facilities. In addition, increase the informatization of traffic flow guidance, set up electronic traffic flow display screens at key nodes of expressway, and scientifically and immediately guide vehicles to divert to smooth sections.

The road administration department has "three suggestions" for drivers stuck in high speed:

First of all, sudden deceleration or parking is the most dangerous, so you should always keep it in mind. When you need to stop or drive slowly in a high-speed traffic jam, you should turn on the double flashing lights to prompt you to come back.

Secondly, don’t turn off the fire and listen to music for a long time when there is traffic jam on the highway for a long time. Otherwise, the battery may run out of power and cannot be started.

Thirdly, don’t take the emergency lane at any time. Emergency lane is an emergency "life passage", which is a special passage for fire rescue, medical rescue and police to perform emergency tasks. If it is occupied, rescue vehicles will probably miss the rescue opportunity after the accident, which will further lead to congestion.

Issuing unit

Central Radio and Television Headquarters (Financial Program Center)

support unit

The State Council SASAC

All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce

Institute of Economics of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

china enterprise reform and development society

Academic support

Responsibility cloud research institute

June 13th, 2023

introduction

　　"Environmental, Social and Governance" (ESG) is an enterprise management concept and investment concept put forward by the United Nations in 2004, which emphasizes the coordinated development of economy, environment and society and gives full play to the power of capital to solve social and environmental problems. In the past two decades, ESG concept has been widely practiced and promoted by governments and market players around the world, and has become one of the mainstream investment concepts and practical strategies in developed countries and emerging market countries. According to the prediction of relevant institutions, by 2025, the global ESG assets will reach 53 trillion US dollars, accounting for 1/3 of the global asset management scale. With the deepening of the global consensus on sustainable development, the requirements of society for enterprises in green development, energy conservation and emission reduction, social responsibility, honest management and compliance management are becoming more and more strict. Promoting ESG practice has become an inevitable choice for enterprises in the new era, which will help enterprises to form differentiated competitive advantages and help the world to make positive changes.

　　As the second largest economy in the world, China has been promoting the practice of ESG with a positive attitude in recent years. Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has attached great importance to the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and firmly promoted green and low-carbon development. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the great goal of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization. At present, China is in a critical period of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Based on the new development stage, implementing the new development concept, building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development are the tasks that must be grasped at present and in the future. The value core of economic prosperity, environmental sustainability and social equity advocated by ESG is highly compatible with China’s important strategic goals such as high-quality development, common prosperity and "double carbon". These important strategic objectives have explored the road, pointed out the key points and deepened the content for the practice of ESG concept in China, and provided a grand stage for the development of ESG in China. Whether the "double carbon" goal focuses on the environment, rural revitalization emphasizes social equity, or common prosperity pays comprehensive attention to economy and society, it provides rich connotations and broad space for ESG’s practice in China. It is imperative to build an ESG system with China characteristics, improve China’s influence and voice in the global ESG system, and make a clear direction for the future development of ESG.

　　In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of China, practice the responsibility of mainstream media, promote the construction of ESG system with China characteristics, and enhance China’s influence in the global ESG field, the Central Radio and Television General Station, together with the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and the China Enterprise Reform and Development Research Association, launched the "China ESG (Corporate Social Responsibility) Release" and the model ceremony project in 2023. By establishing an ESG evaluation system that is in line with international standards and national conditions, we will comprehensively evaluate the listed companies in China that have great influence on China A-shares and Hong Kong stocks, publish thematic reports of different dimensions one after another, summarize and publicize the excellent practices of ESG, and hold the annual ceremony of "China ESG Model" at the end of the year, in a matrix form throughout the year, to convey the voice of responsibility and spread the value contribution, guide China enterprises to improve the ESG construction level with the power of example, and provide assistance for the high-quality economic and social development of China. Through this project, we are committed to leading more China enterprises to the road of high-quality sustainable development, taking ESG as the inevitable requirement of the new era, and pushing the society towards a future of harmonious coexistence and long-term common prosperity between man and nature.

　　We can see that under the guidance of the national strategy, China enterprises have started a new era of actively responding to the ESG concept and comprehensively improving their ESG level. "China ESG (Corporate Social Responsibility) Release: Annual ESG Action Report" is the first achievement in the year. It is found that the overall level of ESG development of large companies in China and the proportion of outstanding enterprises are comparable to those of large enterprises in the world, and the leading enterprises in various industries lead the sustainable development. At the same time, more and more enterprises attach importance to ESG. Many enterprises gradually establish an ESG management system, integrate ESG management requirements into business management, issue ESG reports in time, actively respond to national strategies, ensure information security, promote scientific and technological innovation, implement the "double carbon" goal, participate in charity, protect employees’ rights and interests, and help sustainable management and value creation with a heavy sense of responsibility. It can be predicted that practicing ESG concept and promoting sustainable development will become the "proposition of the times" and "value consensus" of China enterprises. Under the wave of ESG, China’s ESG regulatory policy has been gradually improved, ESG rating has been continuously optimized, ESG investment has continued to grow, and China’s ESG system construction has made positive progress. China enterprises will certainly be able to move forward bravely in the process of promoting Chinese modernization, providing strong support and guarantee for serving people’s better life and helping high-quality and sustainable economic and social development.

technical proposal

　　The research path is as follows: based on the theory of sustainable development, economic externality and stakeholder theory, construct the "trinity" ESG evaluation model of environment, society and governance; Seriously study the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress spirit, study domestic and international standards and guidelines, benchmark the mainstream ESG rating system at home and abroad, and build an ESG evaluation index system that is in line with international standards and national conditions; Collect enterprise ESG information based on open channels, conduct content analysis and quantitative analysis, calculate ESG index score, select "Pioneer 100" enterprises of ESG listed companies in China (hereinafter referred to as "Pioneer 100" enterprises) with perfect ESG governance, strong practice and remarkable results, and complete "China ESG (Corporate Social Responsibility) Release: Annual ESG Action Report" (see Figure 1).

　　I. Theoretical model

　　Theory of sustainable development: The production and operation of enterprises should pay attention to environmental and social influences, and pursue development that not only meets the needs of contemporary people, but also does not harm the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

　　Economic externality theory: negative externalities will make enterprises face policy risks, while positive externalities will enhance enterprise value and bring reputation assets to enterprises. Enterprises adhering to the ESG concept will reduce their negative externalities, increase their positive externalities, reduce the risk of losses and enhance the value of enterprises.

　　Stakeholder theory: Stakeholders are all individuals and groups that can affect the realization of an organization’s goals or are affected by the process of an organization’s realization of its goals. The interest expectation, interest conflict, interest balance and relative power of various stakeholders in an enterprise will affect the sustainable operation and value creation of the enterprise.

　　Based on this, when we build an ESG evaluation model, we break the conventional thinking that the existing mainstream ESG rating system focuses on ESG risk management (that is, the negative externalities of enterprises), and take into account the positive value and contribution of enterprise management and development to the social environment (that is, the positive externalities of enterprises), and innovatively build an ESG evaluation model that includes three dimensions of "environment, society and governance" and takes into account both risk management and social value contribution (see Figure 3).

　　Second, the index system

　　Under the guidance of the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the Government Work Report in 2023, we have thoroughly benchmarked 13 domestic and foreign ESG standards such as GRI Standards (2021 Edition) organized by Global Reporting Initiative, Guidelines on Environmental, Social and Governance Reports of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and morgan stanley capital international (MSCI), S&P Global, China Securities and China Securities. According to the principle of connecting with the international and applying to the local, the ESG evaluation topic is set, and the general index system and the sub-industry index system are refined. Based on this, a general index system including 3 first-level indicators, 19 second-level indicators and 127 third-level indicators is constructed. Among them, 63.78% of the indicators are in line with international standards, 92.13% are in line with relevant domestic standards, and 25.20% are social value indicators with local characteristics. The response to China’s characteristics is mainly reflected in the construction of modern industrial system, new industrialization, rural revitalization, coordinated regional development, "Belt and Road", innovation-driven, employment promotion, public crisis response, information security and public services.

　　At the same time, considering the great differences in the importance of ESG risk issues in different industries, in order to ensure the scientificity of evaluation, the ESG index system of different industries is constructed according to the characteristics of national economy industry classification (GB/T 4754-2017).

　　Third, the evaluation sample

　　Taking more than 6,400 China listed companies with A shares and Hong Kong stocks as the sample pool as of April 30, 2023, we selected the top 30% companies in terms of market value and published ESG reports on April 30, and comprehensively screened them according to the influence of listed companies, ESG activity and other factors, and finally selected 855 listed companies as the evaluation targets.

　　IV. Sources of information

　　The sources of information mainly include the public information of enterprises in the current year and the third-party information.

　　1. Enterprise public information

　　Including annual ESG report, annual social responsibility report, annual sustainable development report, annual special report (including environmental report, public welfare report, rural revitalization report, overseas report, etc.) and annual report of enterprises.

　　2. Third party information

　　Including official websites such as State Administration of Market Supervision, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Securities Regulatory Commission, Shanghai Stock Exchange, Shenzhen Stock Exchange, Beijing Stock Exchange, National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System, Credit China, and professional databases such as Wind and Dibo.

　　V. Exponential Synthesis

　　1. Weight setting

　　According to the differences of different industries’ impacts on the social environment, taking into account the international general principles and the local actual situation, the weights of the first, second and third level indicators of each industry are set.

　　2. Index scoring

　　Classify qualitative indicators and quantitative indicators, and assign points by judging whether there is or not, comparing and scoring relative values in the industry, etc.

　　3. Negative deduction

　　Consult experts’ opinions, judge the negative events of enterprises during the evaluation period, deduct points or "veto by one vote", and adjust the evaluation results.

　　VI. Grading

　　In order to intuitively reflect the ESG level of enterprises, the ESG index is divided into eight levels, namely, five-star excellent level, five-star, four-and-a-half-star level, four-star level, three-star level, two-star level and one-star level. See Table 1 for the corresponding star level and ESG development level of various enterprises.

"Pioneer 100 China ESG Listed Companies" Enterprise

　　Through analysis, 100 listed companies such as China Mobile, China Resources Power, China Petrochemical, baoshan iron & steel, Fosun International, Yili, China Ping An, Geely Automobile, Mengniu Dairy and Mindray Medical were selected as "Pioneer 100 of ESG Listed Companies in China".

Main findings of ESG action of China enterprises

　　1.855 outstanding listed companies in China have the same ESG development level as the whole world, with 35% at the leading level.

　　Taking China listed companies with A shares and Hong Kong stocks as the sample pool as of April 30, 2023, 855 listed companies were selected as the evaluation objects according to the market value scale, report release, influence and ESG activity of listed companies, and ESG comprehensive evaluation was conducted. The analysis found that about 35% of the 855 enterprises have reached the leading level (MSCI global is 28.5%). 48% is in the middle level, and there is still room for improvement (MSCI global is 53%); Another 17% is at a backward level (MSCI is also 17% globally). To sum up, the development level of ESG of listed companies in China is comparable to that of global enterprises.

　　2. "Pioneer 100" enterprises lead the sustainable development, with an average ESG index of 75.8 points.

　　The average score of ESG index of "Pioneer 100" enterprises is as high as 75.8 points, which is at the leading level as a whole and leads the sustainable development of listed companies in China in an all-round way. Among them, two companies are at the level of five-star class, which is the model of ESG development of listed companies; 16 companies are at the five-star level, and they are outstanding in ESG development of listed companies; 77 companies are at the level of four-star and half-star, which is the leader of ESG development of listed companies; Five companies are at the four-star level and have excellent ESG overall performance. At present, ESG has entered a period of accelerated development in China. With the promotion of regulatory authorities, investment institutions, rating agencies, research institutions and other forces, the head listed companies have significantly improved their understanding of ESG and paid more and more attention to ESG work.

　　3. The development of ESG in state-owned enterprises is generally leading, and private enterprises in the head shine brilliantly.

　　Among the "Pioneer 100" enterprises, the number of state-controlled listed companies accounts for about 60%, and the average score of ESG index is 76.1; About 40% of private listed companies have an average score of 75.3 on ESG index. Judging from the number of "Pioneer 100", the ESG work of state-owned enterprises is generally leading, which is largely due to the high attention paid to ESG work by the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission. Since 2021, the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) has promoted the central corporate social responsibility work and ESG work as a whole. By 2022, a special social responsibility bureau was set up to further strengthen the promotion. Under the guidance of State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, Guangdong, Shanghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and other local SASACs have also included ESG in their work, which has promoted the ESG work of state-owned enterprises to enter a period of accelerated development.

　　Although the number of private listed companies selected as "Pioneer 100" enterprises is less than that of state-owned enterprises, the average score of ESG index is almost the same as that of state-owned enterprises. Fosun International, China Ping An, Geely Automobile and Mindray Medical are among the top ten "Pioneer 100" enterprises, and their outstanding performance in ESG field provides a model for private listed companies to carry out ESG work.

　　4. "Pioneer 100" enterprises are distributed in 12 industries, with manufacturing accounting for half of the country.

　　From the perspective of industry distribution, "Pioneer 100" enterprises are distributed in 12 industries, among which manufacturing enterprises account for half of the country, and five manufacturing enterprises rank in the top ten of "Pioneer 100" enterprises. Comparatively speaking, manufacturing enterprises often bear greater environmental responsibility, employee responsibility and safety responsibility. Fierce market competition and strict regulatory requirements, especially the proposal of "double carbon" goal, all push manufacturing enterprises to catch up, change their development concepts, prevent ESG risks and create ESG value.

　　Electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries account for about 10%. Some energy enterprises with great pressure on environmental protection and safety have incorporated ESG ideas into their business operations during the transformation process, thus boosting their sustainable development. For example, China Electric Power, a subsidiary of China Power Investment Group, is committed to establishing a good ESG risk management system to improve the performance of sustainable development issues and promote effective management, and its board of directors actively promotes a "top-down" culture to ensure that the management will incorporate ESG into the decision-making process and business operations. In addition, the number of enterprises in financial industry, information transmission, software and information technology service industry is also outstanding, which has set an example in ESG management and practice.

　　5. Beijing and Shenzhen have become the highland of ESG development, demonstrating the role of demonstration and driving.

　　In terms of geographical distribution, nearly 80% of the "Pioneer 100" enterprises are concentrated in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the Yangtze River Delta, of which 36 are located in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, 26 in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and 15 in the Yangtze River Delta. These areas are the frontiers of China’s opening to the outside world, and they are highly integrated with the world economy. Enterprises located here came into contact with the ESG concept originated in the West earlier, and ESG work started earlier, so ESG performed better.

　　From the perspective of cities, the proportion of "Pioneer 100" enterprises in Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai and Guangzhou has reached about 60%, with Beijing accounting for the highest proportion. Beijing (30), Shenzhen (16), Shanghai (8) and Guangzhou (6) are becoming the first demonstration areas for ESG construction.

　　6. China enterprises actively respond to national policies, and national strategies lead the development direction of ESG.

　　ESG can effectively guide important participants in the capital market to pay attention to social and environmental issues while creating economic value. Under the guidance of national strategies such as carbon neutrality and common prosperity, the construction of ESG system with China characteristics is accelerating. It is found that under the "top-down" system guarantee and policy promotion, the development direction of local ESG is clearer and the power is stronger. Our ESG evaluation system is based on local conditions and reflects ESG values with China characteristics. Ten characteristic indicators are specially set, including modern industrial system construction, new industrialization construction, rural revitalization, regional coordinated development, "Belt and Road", innovation-driven, employment promotion, public crisis response, information security, and public services, with a view to guiding listed companies in China to change their thinking, be inclusive, be brave and take action.

　　Taking the Belt and Road Initiative as an example, this initiative will help relevant countries to build a community of interests, destiny and responsibility with political mutual trust, economic integration and cultural tolerance, which is of far-reaching and lasting significance for maintaining world peace and stability and promoting prosperity and development. It is found that the large listed companies in China play a leading role and actively participate in building the "Belt and Road" through trade, investment, finance and infrastructure, thus contributing China wisdom and China’s strength to global sustainable development. For example, CRRC relies on the "Fuxing" Chinese standard EMU technology platform with the highest commercial operation speed in the world to tailor high-speed EMUs for Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway to adapt to the local operating environment and line conditions, showing the good image of China Railway, China Manufacturing and China Equipment; In the decade from 2013 to 2022, Northern International has signed more than 120 overseas projects to build rail transit, power facilities, petroleum and mineral facilities, municipal housing construction, agriculture and people’s livelihood and other infrastructure for countries along the Belt and Road.

　　7. China enterprises actively implement the "3060" goal and seek a green future by "carbon"

　　With the introduction and improvement of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon-neutral "1+N" policy system, coping with climate change has been incorporated into the national strategy and top-level design. It is found that 26 "Pioneer 100" enterprises have formulated a special system to implement the "double carbon" goal, and nearly 90% have formulated goals, strategies, plans or action routes around the "double carbon" issue. For example, Dongfang Electric has formulated the "peak carbon dioxide emissions Carbon Neutralization Action Plan", set up a leading group for green environmental protection, and set up a carbon neutrality research center in peak carbon dioxide emissions to coordinate green and low-carbon development; Xinao Energy has formulated six major emission reduction actions: urban gas methane management, low-carbon trade and transportation, energy structure transformation of universal energy business, system energy efficiency improvement, green technology application and green office, and issued "Green Action 2030" to clarify the company’s short-term and medium-term carbon reduction targets by 2030 and long-term targets by 2050.

　　At the same time, more than 70% of the "Pioneer 100" enterprises disclosed their annual greenhouse gas emissions, especially the manufacturing enterprises with high environmental sensitivity, and the disclosure rate of greenhouse gas emissions reached 76%. According to statistics, the disclosure rates of carbon-related indicators in Europe, America and Asia-Pacific are 80%, 74% and 62% respectively. Green development and low-carbon development have been integrated into the development strategy of enterprises in China. Large enterprises actively implement new development concepts and accelerate the green transformation of development methods. The performance of ESG leading enterprises in China in coping with climate change has reached the international leading level.

　　8.ESG leading enterprises pay attention to work-life balance, with 9 paid annual leave per capita.

　　Employee responsibility is the core issue of social responsibility (S) dimension, and paid vacation is an important embodiment of employee rights and benefits, and it is also an important indicator under the topic of "work-life balance" that is of universal concern around the world. About 20% of the "Pioneer" 100 enterprises disclosed the number of paid annual leave days per capita. It is estimated that the average paid annual leave days per enterprise in 2022 will be about 9 days. It is particularly worth mentioning that the average paid annual leave days of CSDCC, China Resources Cement Holdings and Hegang reached 14 days, 13.6 days and 12 days respectively. Paying attention to the work-life balance of employees and solidly promoting the construction of harmonious labor relations are the common goals and pursuits of ESG leading enterprises.

　　9. Stable employment helps the economy to move forward. The average number of new jobs in "Pioneer 100" enterprises exceeds 10,000.

　　Under the background of the global economic downturn, rising unemployment rate and the rising trend of layoffs, absorbing employment reflects the responsibility and responsibility of enterprises. "Pioneer 100" enterprises take the initiative to attract new graduates, migrant workers, veterans and other key groups to find jobs, help laid-off employees to obtain new employment opportunities, and drive the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain to create a large number of employment opportunities. The data shows that more than 60 companies disclosed the number of employees they absorbed in 2022, totaling about 650,000, and the average number of employees absorbed by each company exceeded 10,000. For example, in 2022, the number of new employees in China Petrochemical Company was 20,891. In addition, ESG leading enterprises also take the initiative to shoulder their responsibilities and actively promote employment in the industrial chain. For example, Yili Co., Ltd. promoted the employment of dairy farming industry by 651,833 person-times.

　　10. Under the social dimension, China enterprises actively contribute to rural revitalization and charity, and private enterprises perform brilliantly.

　　Rural revitalization is an important strategy for China’s economic development and modernization, an inevitable choice for all people to achieve common prosperity, an important topic for the United Nations sustainable development 2030 goal, and an important measure for China enterprises to create social value. It is found that listed companies actively participate in rural revitalization, and help rural industries, talents, culture, ecology, organization and other comprehensive revitalization by participating in infrastructure construction, supporting characteristic industries, carrying out skills training, and setting up support funds. Among them, nearly 70% of the "Pioneer 100" enterprises disclosed the investment in rural revitalization in 2022, with a total investment of about 4.5 billion yuan and more than 2,800 projects. For example, in 2022, China Jiaojian invested 266 million yuan in free assistance funds in designated assistance areas; In 2022, Mengniu Dairy promoted the planting of more than 6 million mu and 12 million tons of high-quality forage grass in China, promoted the breeding of more than 1.7 million cows, and distributed nearly 32 billion yuan of milk, driving farmers to increase their income and become rich.

　　In addition to the investment in rural revitalization, it is an important action for enterprises to create social value and an active choice for enterprises to practice social responsibility. With the encouragement and support of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, private enterprises have actively participated in glorious and public welfare undertakings, and made outstanding contributions to China’s characteristic public welfare undertakings. Statistics show that "Pioneer 100" enterprises invested more than 12.6 billion yuan in charity in 2022, among which 37 private listed companies invested more than 8.5 billion yuan in charity, and private enterprises performed brilliantly in charity donation. For example, Mindray Medical announced that it will invest 1 billion yuan to build a new campus for Dangshan Middle School to help the development of rural education.

　　11. Symbiosis with innovation, China enterprises promote sustainable development with technological innovation.

　　Technological innovation is the first driving force for the transformation of old and new kinetic energy of the economy and the realization of high-quality development. Accelerating the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy is not only the strategic requirement of the country, but also the internal demand of enterprises themselves, which is conducive to enhancing the sustainable development capability of enterprises and laying a solid foundation for industrial transformation and upgrading and sustainable development. The study found that the total investment of "Pioneer 100" enterprises in R&D in 2022 exceeded 500 billion yuan. From the industry point of view, the six selected enterprises in information transmission, software and information technology services all invested more than 10 billion yuan, far ahead; Geographically, the average R&D investment of enterprises in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region exceeds 9 billion yuan, ahead of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Yangtze River Delta, Western Triangle and other regions; From the perspective of cities, the average R&D expenditure of enterprises in Hangzhou, Ningde and Shenzhen ranks in the top three. "Pioneer 100" enterprises have vigorously promoted intelligent upgrading and green manufacturing, and have been at the forefront of the world in the fields of 5G information technology and clean energy equipment manufacturing. For example, China Mobile focuses on the frontier and urgent needs of the country, makes every effort to tackle key core technologies, takes the lead in setting up a 5G innovation consortium, shoulders the "chain length" of the modern industrial chain of mobile information, and actively helps China to become self-reliant in science and technology in the field of information and communication; Lenovo strategically increased its R&D professionals by about 5,000 in fiscal year 2021/22, and announced that it would add another 12,000 R&D personnel, while doubling its R&D investment in the next three years.

　　12.ESG leading enterprises attach great importance to information security and strictly abide by the bottom line of ESG responsibility.

　　In the era of big data, the problem of information security has become increasingly prominent, which has attracted worldwide attention. Ensuring information security is not only related to the interests of enterprises, but also their basic responsibility to practice ESG. It is found that more than 60% of the "Pioneer 100" enterprises have issued rules and regulations on information security, and nearly 40% have established information security management committees or working groups in their organizational structures. Some enterprises have invested in information security funds and conducted training to enhance the information security awareness of all employees. For example, the Agricultural Bank of China has formulated and implemented the Measures for the Management of Network Security, established a three-level network security organizational structure of "Science and Technology and Product Innovation Committee-Science and Technology Department-Professional Office", and set up data security centers in the head office and branches to closely weave digital security protection networks; Aauto Quicker has implemented strict data security management protocols, implemented user privacy protection, data classification, supervision, emergency response and third-party management, and established an information security committee to continuously strengthen information security and privacy risk management.

　　13. China enterprises adhere to the guidance of party building and improve ESG governance with China characteristics.

　　The core of the great innovation of corporate governance theory with China characteristics lies in strengthening the leadership of the Party, which is also the unique advantage of China enterprises in accelerating the construction of world-class enterprises. It is found that China enterprises embed the corporate party organization into the corporate governance structure, and establish and improve the corporate governance mechanism with China characteristics, which has its own responsibilities, coordinated operation and effective checks and balances, so as to promote the compliance construction of enterprises, enhance the awareness of sustainable development and promote ESG work. For example, China Tonghao continues to improve the party building cultural system of "one branch with one feature" and "one party member with one flag", and carries out in-depth practical activities on the theme of "strong vitality, creating good results and promoting growth", focusing on the entry point and force point for party building to integrate into production and operation, and ensuring the high-quality development of enterprises with high-quality party building; Cosl, a subsidiary of CNOOC, China, integrated the leadership of the Party into the whole process of corporate governance, fulfilled the pre-procedure of the Party Committee for making decisions on major issues, improved the corporate governance mechanism with the "three meetings and one layer" as the starting point, and promoted the modernization of corporate governance system and governance capacity.

　　14.ESG overturns the reform of executive compensation, and "Pioneer 100" enterprises actively explore the link between compensation and ESG performance.

　　With the gradual popularization and promotion of ESG investment concept around the world, the linkage between executive compensation and ESG performance has become a trend and may gradually become the norm. Some large foreign enterprises have urged the management and management to actively improve ESG performance by means of "linked compensation" assessment and incentives. According to statistics, in 2022, the proportion of companies linking ESG targets with executive compensation in Russell 1000 Index has reached 28%. The analysis of "Pioneer 100" enterprises shows that more than 20% of listed companies link management compensation with ESG, which urges management to promote the implementation of ESG. For example, baoshan iron & steel, a subsidiary of China Baowu, incorporated ESG performance indicators into the executive incentive and compensation plan, and took reward and punishment measures according to the annual ESG evaluation results; China Resources Land, a subsidiary of China Resources Group, has linked the executive compensation with the work of safe production in order to establish an effective and normalized sustainable development management system. Fosun International has established relevant mechanisms to link ESG performance with the remuneration of directors and senior management, among which "ESG assessment indicators" of executive directors (including ESG rating, ESG system construction, responsible investment management, carbon neutral management and ESG risk management) account for 10% of the overall performance assessment.

　　15. "Pioneer 100" enterprises focus on improving ESG management system to inject momentum into sustainable development.

　　ESG management system is the foundation for enterprises to promote ESG work. Establishing and improving the normalization mechanism of ESG management can effectively guide enterprises’ ESG work and improve the quality of ESG information disclosure. It is found that about 75% of Pioneer 100 companies have set up ESG committees or ESG leading groups at the board level, which is much higher than 54% of FTSE 100 companies. Large listed companies increasingly realize that improving the top-level architecture is the key to promoting ESG work. At the same time, among the "Pioneer 100" enterprises, over 30% have established ESG special system, about one-seventh have established ESG index system, and nearly 50% have carried out ESG special training. More and more listed companies gradually standardize ESG management system, improve ESG management ability, promote practice through management, improve ESG work level and enhance the resilience of sustainable development. For example, State Grid Yingda, a subsidiary of State Grid, has established a four-level ESG organization and management system, including the board of directors, management team, and ESG implementation team. The chairman of the board is the highest person in charge of ESG work, actively participates in external ESG special series training, continuously improves the ESG index system, and optimizes ESG management; Guodian Power, a subsidiary of National Energy Group, set up an ESG management leading group as the leading organization, and formulated the Management Measures for Environment, Society and Corporate Governance to ensure the institutionalized and systematic operation of ESG.

　　16. ESG information disclosure of enterprises in China is becoming more and more standardized, and ESG reports are substantive, comparable and balanced.

　　ESG information disclosure is very important to promote the sustainable development of enterprises. By presenting the environmental, social and governance (ESG) behaviors of the enterprise completely, openly and transparently, the enterprise can win the trust of investors, attract more investment, and improve its brand image and social reputation. Mainstream international organizations, such as Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and International Council for Sustainable Development Standards (ISSB), continue to improve ESG information disclosure guidelines to help standardize ESG information disclosure. The research shows that more than 95% of the ESG reports of Pioneer 100 enterprises list the relevant contents of substantive issues analysis to ensure that the core ESG issues are fully disclosed in the report. Nearly 80% of the ESG reports of "Pioneer 100" enterprises disclosed the key performance data for three consecutive years or more, effectively transmitting the improvement of ESG performance to the capital market. More than 90% of the "Pioneer 100" companies actively disclose many negative information such as environmental pollution, safety production, employee turnover, product recall, administrative punishment, etc., so as to avoid misleading the report readers and ensure the balance of ESG information disclosure. Half of the "Pioneer 100" companies’ ESG reports were evaluated by third-party reports, such as China Chemical, Maanshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. and Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., which applied for the rating of enterprise ESG reports to promote management and continuously improve the level of report preparation. Based on the comparative analysis,We believe that high-level ESG information disclosure should meet the requirements of substance of the topic, comparability of data, balance of information, completeness of content, timely release and verifiability of reports. The standardization of ESG reports of Pioneer 100 enterprises has reached a high level, but it is still necessary to pay attention to the evaluation of third-party reports and improve the quality of ESG reports.

ESG Action Proposal of China Enterprises

　　At present, with the deepening of the national green and low-carbon strategy and the open development of the financial market, China’s ESG development has rapidly entered the "fast lane" and achieved certain results. However, compared with western developed economies, it still faces some problems such as insufficient understanding, imperfect rules, insufficient constraints, inadequate system and insufficient practice. As the main body of the capital market and the practice of ESG concept, enterprises should conform to the development wave of ESG, explore the compatibility of ESG localization with international rules, play a subjective role in investment and business, actively carry out ESG practice, and promote the rooting and healthy development of ESG concept in China. On the basis of systematically combing the development status of ESG of listed companies in China, we put forward the following suggestions on how to further improve the ESG work level of enterprises in China.

　　First, based on the national strategy, ESG helps high-quality economic and social development.

　　China’s unique historical background, social culture and economic system make it necessary for China to absorb the international ESG experience, integrate its own characteristics and combine with the national development strategy, so as to shape the ESG practice with China color. Only in this way can ESG become a powerful tool to promote the sustainable and high-quality development of enterprises and society in China.

　　First, we must deeply integrate into the national strategy.On the basis of defining its own position, enterprises should actively respond to and deeply participate in the national strategic objectives, and put their own development into the historical journey of promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization. For example, the innovation drive is deeply rooted in the core engine of ESG practice, and innovation empowers business models, products and services to form new development momentum; Make full use of resources, technology or industry status, actively participate in major national strategies such as "One Belt and One Road" and rural revitalization, promote coordinated regional development, and shape ESG practice with China characteristics.

　　Second, we should promote the construction of ESG ecology in the industry.Enterprises should not only fully participate in the construction of modern industrial system, but also actively promote the new industrialization development strategy and build a win-win cooperation industry ecosystem. Industry leaders need to take on greater responsibilities and form and promote ESG concepts and practices with industry characteristics through transformation and upgrading and coordinated development among industries.

　　Third, we must create high-quality people’s livelihood value.Enterprises should closely link products and services with people’s livelihood and well-being, actively create employment opportunities, promote community co-construction and sharing, contribute to charity, and help realize "common prosperity" of society, which has become a key force to promote the deeper and broader development of ESG practice in China.

　　Second, improve the level of practice and strengthen the supply chain ESG management

　　Enterprises in China should promote ESG practice with higher standards and a more rigorous attitude, and realize the balanced and sustainable development of economic, social and environmental benefits. Enterprises need to establish a strategic goal of comprehensively improving ESG practice level as the basic orientation of sustainable development of enterprises, fully consider the impact on the environment and society when making business decisions, and take corresponding measures to reduce potential adverse effects. At the same time, China enterprises also need to actively participate in the global ESG practice, learn from the best actions, and continuously improve their own ESG performance.

　　Supply chain management is an important topic in the development of ESG in the world. APEC and the European Union have successively issued a number of policies to require enterprises to pay attention to the supply chain risks related to ESG and improve the security, stability and sustainability of the supply chain. However, it is found that the proportion of "Pioneer 100 Enterprises" carrying out supply chain ESG review is low. China, as the core of the global industrial chain and supply chain, should shoulder its due responsibilities and drive the upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain to create long-term sustainable value. In the management of supply chain, enterprises should integrate ESG standards into the compliance review of suppliers to ensure that suppliers meet the corresponding standards in environmental protection, social responsibility and corporate governance; We should also provide ESG training and technical support to suppliers on a regular basis, and help suppliers understand and implement ESG best practices by sharing knowledge and technology. In addition, enterprises should also establish long-term partnerships with suppliers to jointly face the challenges of ESG and help the whole industry upgrade ESG.

　　Third, improve corporate governance and enhance the "she" power in the top-level structure

　　Sound corporate governance is the key to achieve ESG goals, and an effective governance system can guide and promote enterprises to continuously improve on environmental and social issues. High-quality corporate governance has also been proved to improve the economic performance and risk management ability of enterprises, enhance the resilience to meet challenges and promote the long-term sustainable development of enterprises.

　　First, we must adhere to the guidance of party building.The leadership of the Party plays an important leading role in corporate governance. It is necessary to better transform the leadership advantage of the Party into governance efficiency, and integrate the leadership of the Party, corporate governance and ESG governance with each other, so as to enhance the "control power" of enterprise decision-makers on sustainable development and promote the in-depth development of enterprise ESG work.

　　Second, we should improve the ESG governance structure.Enterprises should establish a decision-making and leadership mechanism for ESG work at the board level, regularly analyze the risks and opportunities of the enterprise’s social environment, examine and approve the company’s ESG strategy and key work, and review ESG major issues. At the same time, under the leadership of the board of directors, an ESG work organization system composed of management and executive layer is established to realize the guidance and supervision of ESG work by management and the implementation of ESG work by executive layer.

　　Third, we must strengthen the power of "her".Gender equality is an important topic of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 2030. At the decision-making level and management level, the role of "she" power can not be ignored. The different views and experiences brought by female directors and executives are helpful to improve decision-making efficiency and promote enterprise value creation. However, it is found that the average proportion of female directors and female executives in Pioneer 100 enterprises is 16.7% and 20.2%, both of which are lower than those in developed markets. China enterprises need to improve the diversification of governance structure, actively increase the proportion of female directors and female executives, make good use of "her" power to improve decision-making efficiency and promote enterprise value creation.

　　Fourth, improve ESG management, pay attention to planning guidance and system construction.

　　An effective ESG management system can help enterprises form advantages in value creation, risk control and market competitiveness; Moreover, this kind of ESG management, which goes deep into all levels and business links of enterprises, can also guide enterprises to form endogenous motivation for social and environmental responsibilities and promote the simultaneous improvement of social and commercial values of enterprises. The action rate of "Pioneer 100 Enterprises" in establishing ESG strategic objectives, formulating ESG special system and establishing ESG index system is still low, which needs to be improved urgently.

　　First, make a clear ESG plan.Planning is an important tool for enterprises to define ESG objectives, set work paths and guide work implementation. Enterprises should combine their own business characteristics and market environment, set practical ESG work objectives, and formulate systematic and practical ESG action plans.

　　Secondly, we should establish and improve the ESG system.A good system can ensure that ESG planning is implemented and implemented in the daily operation of enterprises. Enterprises should build a "1+N" ESG system with ESG special system as the guide and multi-dimensional specific implementation methods such as environmental protection, product management, customer service, employee responsibility and supply chain management as the constituent elements, clarify the powers and responsibilities of various departments and posts for ESG work, and ensure that ESG concepts are implemented throughout the business process of enterprises.

　　Finally, we should build a scientific ESG index system.Enterprises should build a layered, graded and classified ESG index system suitable for the characteristics of industries and companies, provide quantifiable tools for issue identification, report preparation, risk management and performance evaluation, help enterprises to clarify responsibilities, monitor progress and evaluate effects, and promote fine management and continuous improvement of ESG work.

　　V. Improve the data disclosure rate, and release ESG related reports before April 30th.

　　ESG information disclosure is a comprehensive mapping of enterprise ESG management and practice level. High-quality ESG envelope can not only reduce the compliance risk of enterprises, but also help enterprises gain recognition from consumers, regulators and rating agencies. In recent years, the global requirements for ESG envelopes have become more and more stringent, so it is urgent for China enterprises to further improve the quality and timeliness of ESG envelopes.

　　The disclosure of ESG key data is the most important thing to improve the quality of ESG information disclosure. ESG data provides quantitative, clear and comparable information for investors, regulators and the public, enhances the public and investors’ trust in enterprises, and also helps enterprises find and understand the problems and shortcomings of ESG work. The selection of "Pioneer 100 Enterprises" attaches great importance to the performance of key data, and the evaluation system contains a large number of quantitative indicators. China enterprises should establish and improve the ESG data management mechanism to ensure the effective collection, storage and processing of data; It is necessary to improve the quality and comparability of ESG data disclosure and better reflect the status quo and trends of key indicators.

　　The timeliness of ESG report release is also crucial. Timely disclosure of ESG information helps investors and other stakeholders to compare and analyze the financial performance and non-financial performance of the company, so as to make timely and accurate investment decisions; It is also helpful for enterprises to discover and deal with ESG risks and opportunities that may be faced in time. In recent years, global regulators have gradually tightened the release time of ESG reports. The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong and Euronext have required that ESG reports of listed companies should be published simultaneously with annual reports. In combination with the requirement of China Securities Regulatory Commission that annual reports of listed companies should be compiled and disclosed within four months from the end of each fiscal year, April 30 is chosen as the deadline for the collection of ESG reports. Therefore, we suggest that listed companies in China should release ESG related reports of the previous year no later than April 30th every year, so as to improve the timeliness of report release. In addition, we should actively participate in the evaluation of third-party reports, improve the quality of ESG reports with the help of professional strength, and then force the improvement of ESG management and practice.

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　　"China ESG (Corporate Social Responsibility) Release: Annual ESG Action Report", as the first research achievement of "China ESG (Corporate Social Responsibility) Release" and model ceremony project in 2023, will provide a new perspective and guidance for China enterprises to implement ESG practice, followed by a series of thematic reports. At the end of the year, we will also hold the annual ceremony of "China ESG Model", select the top ten "China ESG Model" enterprises, and show their excellent ESG practice cases, with a view to establishing a clear social value orientation, promoting enterprises to continuously optimize ESG practices, and forming a good atmosphere for the whole society to pay attention to and promote ESG.

　　In the process of evaluation and implementation, we will always pay attention to the development trend of ESG at home and abroad, and adjust and update the ESG evaluation standards in time to ensure that they are always in line with international standards and national conditions, and accurately reflect the ESG performance of China enterprises. In this process, we will continue to promote the standardization and normalization of ESG in China, and strive to push ESG practice in China to the international level.

　　Finally, we sincerely hope that all enterprises in China can actively embrace and practice the ESG concept, constantly improve their own ESG level, carry out ESG practice in a down-to-earth manner, and show their responsibility.

　　【abstract】The Ministry of Education issued the Administrative Measures for the Filing of Mobile Internet Applications in Education and the Action Plan for the Special Governance of Mobile Internet Applications in Management Services Education in Colleges and Universities, deployed and launched the 2019 online learning space application popularization activities, the selection and recommendation of educational informatization teaching application community projects and the annual development survey of educational informatization, and completed the data submission to the national population basic information database. Liaoning, Yunnan, Ningxia and other places have launched activities to popularize the application of online learning space. Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hunan and other places organized special training on "National Education Informatization Management Information System".

　　★Central Network Information Important Work Deployment

　　Implementation of key tasks (omitted)

　　★Progress in key work of educational informatization

　　Education Mobile Internet Application Management The General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the Administrative Measures for the Filing of Education Mobile Internet Applications, which made specific arrangements for the filing work. The Network Information Office of the Ministry of Education issued the "Action Plan for Special Governance of Mobile Internet Applications in Management Services Education in Colleges and Universities" to address the problem of the proliferation of mobile Internet applications in management services education in colleges and universities due to formalism.

　　Co-construction and Sharing of Quality Education Resources The Ministry of Education publicized 10,007 ministerial-level "excellent courses" selected by the activity of "one teacher, one excellent course and one famous teacher". Organized 39 cross-regional teaching and research activities in Leibo, Sichuan and Zhouqu, Gansu. There are 111,000 new registered users and 301 new client users on the website Love Courses. The MOOC mobile terminal of China University has been downloaded and installed for 33.6 million times. The platform is teaching 15,000 courses, with 123,000 new materials and 5.953 million new registrations.

　　Online learning space is accessible to everyone. In Changchun, the 2019 online learning space application popularization activity and the special training advanced seminar and work deployment meeting of "Online Learning Space for Everyone" were held. After selection and investigation by experts, 26 special training base schools of "Online Learning Space for Everyone" were identified in 2019. In Hefei, Anhui Province and Tangshan, Hebei Province, the special training of "Online Learning Space for Everyone" was held for primary and secondary school principals, training 453 people; In Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, Zoucheng, Shandong Province, and Wuhu, Anhui Province, the special training of "Online Learning Space for Everyone" was held, training 746 people.

　　Public service system of educational resources By the end of November, the national public service platform for educational resources had opened 13.37 million spaces for teachers, 6.27 million spaces for students, 5.84 million spaces for parents and 400,000 spaces for schools. Continue to promote the access of pilot regional platforms to the national public service system of digital education resources. 112 online platforms at all levels have been connected, including 1 national platform, 26 provincial platforms, 44 municipal platforms and 41 district and county platforms. According to the new access standards, 124 applications from 61 units have been connected. The public service system has a total of 825,000 space logins, 42.48 million monthly users and 41.65 million application visits.

　　Informatization of educational management (omitted)

　　Integration and sharing of government information system The Ministry of Education has approved five interface applications from the Ministry of Justice on the information of college students’ status, academic qualifications, degrees and studying abroad, which are used for information verification in the legal professional qualification examination.

　　Pilot demonstration of educational informatization The Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Education has deployed and launched the project recommendation and selection of the application community of educational informatization teaching in 2019, and plans to select about 15 practice communities with different application directions from four modes, including online learning space, online open courses, interdisciplinary learning (STEAM education) and intelligent education.

　　Educational informatization propaganda The briefing column of the Ministry of Education published "Accelerating the construction of special education network in Jiangxi Province to promote the inclusive sharing of high-quality educational resources" and "Deepening the construction of educational informatization in xidian university to promote the upgrading of educational management". China Education News compiled and distributed two special issues of informatization, and published articles such as "Creating China Road for Online Education" and "Guiyang: Popularizing Artificial Intelligence Education". China Education News Network published 39 reports related to informatization, and China Education TV broadcasted 25 main reports related to educational informatization through National Education News Network.

　　★Progress in Key Work of Network Security

　　Network security incident handling (omitted)

　　Information system security monitoring (omitted)

　　★Related work information

　　People-taught digital teaching materials Complete the updating of 10 basic versions of textbooks in Chinese, Morality and Rule of Law and History, and the updating of 3 complete versions in Chinese and History, including 791 audio, 148 pictures, 45 animations and 311 videos.

　　Special research on educational network security work On October 30-31, the "2019 Education Network Security Seminar" sponsored by the Education Management Information Center of the Ministry of Education and co-organized by the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education and Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. was held in Nanjing, attended by more than 600 principal responsible comrades from local education administrative departments and technical support departments of network security and informatization construction in colleges and universities.

　　★Work trends in various places

　　Beijing The Municipal Education Commission completed the acceptance of the education informatization project in 2019, and organized the pre-financial performance evaluation of the education informatization project in 2020; The list of "Double Hundred" demonstration projects of Beijing’s educational informatization integration and innovation in 2019 was announced.

　　Tianjin On November 29th, the Municipal Education Commission and Iflytek Co., Ltd. signed a strategic cooperation agreement to jointly build a networked, intelligent and personalized precision learning system.

　　Hebei On November 21-24, the expert work meeting of the comprehensive reform pilot project of "National Training Plan (2020)" in Hebei Province was held in Shijiazhuang.

　　Shanxi On November 4-9, the advanced seminar on professional ability of Shanxi education informatization was held in Chengdu. The Provincial Department of Education launched the pilot project of "Jinxiangyun Classroom" to help the poor through the internet. Linfen No.1 Middle School, fangshan county Jicui Demonstration Primary School, Zuoquan Matian Central School and kelan county Taoyuan Sheng Experimental Primary School were selected as the first batch of pilot schools to explore the application mode of informatization in education precision poverty alleviation.

　　Liaoning (Province) The Provincial Department of Education released the results of the 23rd Education and Teaching Informationization Competition in Liaoning Province, and issued the Notice on Continuing the Popularization of Online Learning Space Applications. The Provincial Audio-visual Education Center went to Jinzhou, Liaoyang and Chaoyang to carry out educational informatization education and training activities.

　　Jilin (Province) The Tenth Five-Year Plan of Education Informatization in Jilin Province has been included in the catalogue of provincial special planning in the Tenth Five-Year Plan of Jilin Province. On November 22nd, the Provincial Department of Education issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Investigating the Development of Education Informatization in 2019. The Provincial Department of Education held a training on the application of national education informatization management information system in Jilin University, with more than 90 system administrators and auditors attending.

　　Heilongjiang Province The Provincial Department of Education organized a special training on "National Education Informatization Management Information System", with more than 260 participants.

　　Zhejiang(Province) The Provincial Department of Education issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Recommending and Selecting the Experimental Zone of "New Teaching and Learning Mode Based on Teaching Reform and Integrating Information Technology", announced the provincial-level "excellent courses" list of "One Teacher, One Teacher" activities in 2019, the results of the excellent space collection activities, and the recruitment results of the film and television resources collection activities in primary and secondary schools, and started the identification of the first batch of robot teaching demonstration schools. On November 28-29, in 2019, the information technology application innovation competition for primary and secondary school teachers in the province was successfully held.

　　Anhui (Province) In 2019, the smart school construction project of small-scale compulsory education schools (teaching points) in poverty-stricken areas was publicly invited for bidding in Hefei Public Resource Trading Center, Anhui Province, and the winning bidders in each package of the project were determined.

　　Fujian(Province) The Provincial Department of Education issued the Emergency Plan for Cyber Security Incidents in Fujian Education System and the Process of Reporting and Handling Cyber Security Incidents in Fujian Education Department, and announced the online and offline hybrid courses of provincial-level quality products in 2019 and the application-oriented undergraduate teaching team in massive open online course.

　　Jiangxi The Provincial Department of Education issued the "Implementation Plan for Training All Employees in the Application of" Ganjiaoyun. Teaching Pass 2.0 "; Actively participate in the 2019 cyber security emergency drill organized by the Network Information Office of the Provincial Party Committee, and organize the 2019 special training on cyber security of the province’s education system in two phases. In 2019, the evaluation of smart campus construction in colleges and universities and the preliminary contest of the second Jiangxi University Network Security Skills Competition were successfully completed.

　　Shandong(Province) On November 22nd, 2019, the off-line on-the-spot meeting of the provincial workshop on biology in junior high school of internet plus Teachers’ Professional Development Project was held in Guangrao Experimental Middle School, Dongying City.

　　Henan(Province) Start the implementation of the second batch of educational informatization 2.0 demonstration zones, and organize the on-site review of digital campus benchmarking schools in primary and secondary schools.

　　Hunan On November 6th, the first Xiangjiang Forum of Education Think Tank was held in Changsha. On November 15th, My People，My Country, the first class of "I am the successor", was officially started. The Provincial Department of Education completed the mid-term evaluation of 100 million engineering projects in Hunan Province, and launched the popularization activities of online learning space application in Hunan Province in 2019.

　　Guangxi The Education Department of the Autonomous Region held the demonstration and observation activities of excellent lessons in the deep integration of information technology and subject teaching in primary and secondary schools in the whole region, the network security training meeting of the education system in the whole region and the implementation meeting of equal insurance 2.0; Successfully completed the activity of "one excellent class for one teacher and one famous teacher for one class" and awarded 600 excellent classes at the autonomous region level.

　　Hainan On November 28th, the Party Committee of the Provincial Department of Education concentrated on conveying and studying the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the "Four Persistences" in national network security work, and informed the situation of the offensive and defensive drills of the province’s education system in the "Network Protection Action".

　　Chongqing On November 23rd, the Municipal Education Commission issued the Notice on Carrying out the Investigation on the Development of Education Informatization in 2019. On November 15th, the city’s education network security training meeting was held in Jiangbei District.

　　Sichuan(Province) The Provincial Department of Education organized the official opening ceremony of the "Sichuan Yunjiao" live classroom; Organize the online evaluation of provincial-level "excellent courses" in the activity of "one teacher, one excellent course and one famous teacher" in 2019, print and distribute the file of "classroom teaching contest" in autumn 2019, and start the autumn drying class.

　　Guizhou (Province) The Provincial Department of Education carried out the provincial-level evaluation and ministerial-level evaluation and recommendation of "one excellent course for one teacher and one famous teacher for one lesson", and reviewed 2289 sections of provincial-level "excellent courses"; Organize a special training meeting for the popularization of online learning space application in the whole province.

　　Yunnan(Province) The Provincial Department of Education carried out online learning space training for teachers in primary and secondary schools and high schools in the province, and carried out training, teaching and research, evaluation and other activities for more than 360,000 teachers covering primary and secondary schools and high schools through online learning space.

　　Xizang The Education Department of the Autonomous Region issued the "Notice on Further Promoting the Networking of Primary and Secondary Schools" to comprehensively promote the improvement of school network access and bandwidth conditions.

　　Shanxi(Province) On November 1, the Provincial Department of Education organized a conference on network security and informatization in colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province; On November 2 nd, organize an exchange meeting on the deep application of virtual reality in teaching; On November 8-10, organized the Shaanxi Education Informatization Innovation and Development Conference.

　　Gansu On November 6-19, the Network Information Committee of the Provincial Education Department conducted an on-site inspection of the network security work of 10 universities including Northwest Normal University. Gansu Audio-visual Education Center organized experts to conduct provincial-level acceptance of the provincial-level information demonstration project of "sharing quality education resources in big cities" in Qingyang and other places in 2018.

　　Qinghai On November 17-24, a training course for information management team in Qinghai Province was held in Chengdu, Sichuan, with 95 participants.

　　Ningxia The Education Department of the Autonomous Region has compiled the Work Project Plan for Improving Weak Links in Compulsory Education in the Autonomous Region (2019-2020), and organized the popularization and application activities of online learning space applications in 2019; On November 5-6, the "internet plus Vocational Education" observation and vocational education reform and development training meeting was held; On November 20-22, a special training and offensive and defensive drill contest on cyber security in education industry was held.

　　Xinjiang The Education Department of the Autonomous Region has adjusted the leading group for network security and informatization, and established three groups, namely, the school Internet Party building working group, the informatization promotion group and the network security supervision and inspection group.

　　Xinjiang production and construction corps The Education Bureau of the Corps issued "Guidelines for the Construction of Digital Campus Application Centers in Primary and Secondary Schools of the Corps (Trial)". The Education Management Information Center of the Corps organized a mid-term construction evaluation of the public service platform of educational resources of the Corps.

　　Cctv newsA kind of crystal mud toy called "slime" is popular among students now. This kind of jelly-like crystal mud is soft and elastic and can be kneaded into various shapes. However, the raw materials of crystal mud sold by many merchants contain borax, which is a toxic and harmful substance that will cause certain harm to children’s health. However, the reporter’s investigation found that this kind of bright-looking but harmful "crystal mud" toy is popular both online and offline.

　　The reporter searched the shopping website for "slime" crystal mud, and found that there are thousands of shops selling this kind of toy. The price ranges from several yuan to several tens of yuan, and the production package containing more materials is as high as several hundred yuan. The website also comes with detailed graphic introduction and video tutorial. The reporter found that the sales volume of these "slime Crystal Mud" is very considerable, and some shops have thousands of monthly sales.

　　Online sales are so hot, is offline sales equally popular? The reporter visited the stationery stores around some schools in Nanning, Guangxi, and a large number of "three noes" and "slime" crystal mud without the name of the manufacturer, the date of production and the logo of the production license were placed on the commodity shelves in an imposing manner. In this stationery store, the reporter found boxes of slime crystal mud for sale. In this box of crystal mud, there are a bottle of special glue for crystal mud, a bottle of borax water, pigments, stirring rods and other corresponding tools.

　　In addition to selling this kind of crystal mud, some stationery stores are still selling crystal mud products.

　　For the borax component in the "crystal mud", the clerk claimed that he had long been accustomed to it.

　　Borax has high toxicity, long-term contact or poisoning.

　　Because the crystal mud contains the poison "borax", parents are worried that it will do harm to their children’s health. So, how toxic is borax? What is its harm to children?

　　Borax, as a very important boron-containing mineral and boron compound, has a wide range of uses, which can be used as cleaning agents, cosmetics and pesticides. In medicine, borax can also be used for disinfection and antisepsis of skin mucosa, treatment of pulpitis and epilepsy.

Jiang Xia, Chief Pharmacist of Pharmacy Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University

　　Jiang Xia, Chief Pharmacist of Pharmacy Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University:Borax, as a mineral Chinese medicine, is mainly used for external use, but the dosage is not large, such as some eye drops and some powders, but the dosage is not large. The use time should not be too long, and the poisoning reaction is mainly due to the accidental intake of a large amount of borax or long-term contact.

　　It is precisely because of the high toxicity of borax that eating food with borax may cause cumulative damage to human body, so China’s Food Hygiene Law and Food Additives Hygiene Management Measures explicitly prohibit the use of borax as a food additive. Then, will toys made of borax be harmful to children?

　　Chen Cheng, Law Enforcement Officer of Chongqing Kaizhou District Industrial and Commercial BranchAfter playing with borax, children don’t pay special attention to hygiene. It is possible that borax will be quickly absorbed by the human body from the wounds on their mouths or hands, and then symptoms such as poisoning, vomiting and diarrhea will be formed in children, which will seriously cause shock and even affect life safety.

　　Borax is not easy to metabolize and accumulate seriously in the body or cause death.

　　According to the doctor, borax will be absorbed by the human body quickly, but the process of metabolism from the body is slow. Long-term accumulation in the body will lead to indigestion in children, and in severe cases, it will be life-threatening. In addition, children often contact crystal mud with borax, and some skin allergic reactions will occur. Although skin absorption is much slower than food absorption, the consequences can not be underestimated.

　　Jiang Xia, Chief Pharmacist of Pharmacy Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityAfter such contact for a long time, it is possible that borax will be absorbed into the body through the skin, which will cause certain accumulation in the body, because borax is not easy to excrete in the body, which may trigger a series of toxic reactions; In severe cases, there will be some symptoms of the nervous system. In severe cases, there will be coma, shock, and even circulatory failure, which will lead to death.

　　Check the harmful "crystal mud" goods and ban them.

　　Parents’ worries are not groundless. In view of the harm caused by "slime" crystal mud, recently, many districts and counties in Chongqing have launched a campaign to check the harmful "crystal mud" within their jurisdiction.

　　On March 28th and 29th, the multi-departments of Yongchuan District and Kaizhou District of Chongqing jointly enforced the law, and launched a special campaign to check the "crystal mud" in their respective areas, pulling nets to check the small shops, wholesale and retail outlets around some schools in the city, and seized more than 1,400 boxes of crystal mud. The reporter followed the law enforcement officers in Kaizhou District to see in a stationery store around a school that "crystal mud" was placed in a conspicuous place in the container. Law enforcement officers immediately ordered him to take the goods off the shelf and warned the merchants not to sell the goods.

　　Judging from the seized products, these "crystal mud" belong to "three noes" products, and law enforcement officers seized these products.

　　Chen Cheng, Law Enforcement Officer of Chongqing Kaizhou District Industrial and Commercial BranchWe seal up the products seized today, and then rely on qualified inspection units to carry out inspection. If we do find any product quality problems, we will deal with them according to the Product Quality Law.

　　Law enforcement officials said that the next step will be to carry out continuous inspections in stationery wholesale markets, shops around schools and rural schools.

　　Ruan Zaichun, captain of the law enforcement detachment of the Kaizhou District Industrial and Commercial Branch of Chongqing: For businesses that are still selling crystal mud, they should stop selling and immediately take them off the shelves. We will further strengthen inspections in the future and resolutely investigate and deal with them when they are found together.

　　Here, we should also remind parents to buy toys for their children. Never buy such "three noes" crystal mud, borax water and borax powder, and don’t let poisonous toys become potential "child killers". At the same time, it is also hoped that relevant departments will strengthen supervision, standardize the production of related enterprises from the source, and make children’s toys safer.

　　01

　　Recent or aggravated chest tightness

　　If the chest tightness after exercise suddenly appears recently, it can be relieved after rest, suggesting that you may have coronary heart disease.

　　If you have symptoms of chest tightness before, and the symptoms are aggravated recently, it means that the previously stable plaque may develop into large damage at any time, leading to the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction.

　　02

　　palpitations

　　Irregular increase in heart rate is usually the result of tachyarrhythmia.

　　Most arrhythmias are less dangerous and will not cause sudden death, but if they are frequent ventricular arrhythmias, there is a risk of developing ventricular fibrillation.

　　03

　　bradycardia

　　The beating of the heart is initiated by specific pacing cells. If the function of pacing cells becomes worse, the beating rate of the heart will be slowed down, and in severe cases, cardiac arrest will be caused.

　　When the heart rate is less than 50 times, the blood pressure becomes low, which is prone to long-term cardiac arrest, leading to sudden death.

　　04

　　faint

　　Syncope is an important precursor of sudden death. Most syncope is caused by the sudden slowdown or stop of the heartbeat, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the brain.

　　Sometimes syncope can recover after a few seconds, and if it can’t recover, it will cause sudden death. In case of unexplained syncope, you should be very vigilant and find out the reason as soon as possible.

　　05

　　Unexplained fatigue

　　Unexplained fatigue and fatigue, or accompanied by chest tightness and edema, should be alert to sudden death, which may be caused by myocarditis or cardiomyopathy.

　　Myocarditis is more common among young people, usually after 1~2 weeks of catching a cold, with symptoms such as fatigue, chest tightness and fatigue, which can easily cause acute heart failure. In this case, heavy physical activity and bed rest should be strictly prohibited.

　　06

　　Black eyes and numbness of limbs

　　Stroke is also an important cause of sudden death. If you can’t see things on one side, your limbs are numb and weak, or you walk unsteadily and feel like stepping on cotton, you should be alert to the occurrence of stroke.

　　Special tips

　　The golden emergency time of sudden death is within 10 minutes of onset.

　　Once the people around you have cardiac arrest,

　　Call 120 for help quickly.

　　You can do this in addition to dialing 120.

　　Hand-held cardiopulmonary resuscitation

　　Left hand, right hand, straight hand on your heart.

　　Depth, depth, depth of 5CM

　　Speed, speed, speed twice a second

　　And don’t let it stop

　　▽

　　Ask AED "life-saving artifact" for help!

　　AED is also called "stupid defibrillator"

　　There is a voice prompt operation throughout the process.

　　A few simple steps, "fool" can learn.

　　▽

　　For cardiac arrest

　　Use AED to cooperate with electric shock defibrillation

　　The success rate is as high as 90%

　　It is reported that timely defibrillation is the most effective way to stop sudden cardiac death.

　　Within 3 minutes of the patient’s cardiac arrest, the patient was quickly defibrillated by electric shock, and the success rate of defibrillation was as high as 94% only once.

　　How to use the AED?

　　Don’t worry, look down.

　　AED is a "stupid machine", which will automatically identify abnormal heart rhythm that needs electric shock and give it electric shock. There are only four simple steps to use: starting-connecting-discharging-defibrillation.

　　Sticking electrode sheet

　　▽

　　Do not touch, analyze the heart rhythm and give defibrillation.

　　▽

　　Special reminder:

　　① Follow the diagram to start the machine.

　　② Stick the electrode pad and plug it in. The voice prompts that the heart rhythm is being analyzed. Please do not touch the patient.

　　After the AED is turned on, it can never be turned off, which has nothing to do with whether the patient is saved! You can’t turn it off if you save life! Only when the professional medical personnel arrive and replace the AED with a manual defibrillator can the electrode pads of the AED be removed.

　　There are too many registered people and the queue time is long? You can register before going out; The hospital is too big? Unable to find the target department? Hospital map navigation can appear when the mobile phone is "shaken"; Unattended in hospital? The intelligent mattress of sickbed helps to monitor whether it is necessary to turn over at night; Legs and feet are inconvenient, so you can’t go to the canteen to eat? One-click inquiry and ordering of suggestions for feeding meals, details of medication, progress of illness and matters needing attention in the bedside pad of the ward … …

　　With the rapid development of information technology, big data and artificial intelligence, it seems that many lifestyles are changing, and smart hospitals are quietly sprouting. Recently, 2019 Shenzhen Shanghai Smart Hospital Construction and Operation Seminar was held, and experts from all over the country made suggestions and suggestions for smart hospitals. Previously, the National Health and Wellness Committee held a press conference on "Informatization Quality Control and Smart Hospital Construction" in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. The reporter personally experienced the medical changes brought about by informationization and intelligence.

　　Meet black technology in the door

　　"The scope of smart hospitals mainly includes three major areas: &lsquo for medical staff; Smart medical care ’ , mainly based on electronic medical records as the core of information construction; Patient-oriented ‘ Smart service ’ , such as mobile phone settlement, appointment registration, appointment diagnosis and treatment, parking information push, etc.; Hospital management oriented ‘ Smart management ’ That is, to achieve refined and information management. " Jiao Yahui, deputy director of National Health Commission Medical Administration and Hospital Authority, said.

　　For patients, in addition to the effect of diagnosis and treatment, what is important is the medical experience. "From entering the gate of Tiantan Hospital, I met all kinds of ‘ Black technology ’ 。” Zhou Jianxin, vice president of Tiantan Hospital, introduced the situation of "self-service" to the reporter. "The outpatient service is self-service in the whole process, from purchasing the case book to registering and taking the number, to seeing a doctor, checking and printing the report, to taking medicine and printing the invoice. The patient only needs to scan the code on various machines, and the system will automatically make an appointment for the patient, just waiting for the machine to call the number at the corresponding place, basically bidding farewell to the long queue in the past."

　　In the lobby of the hospital, the reporter saw a number of intelligent consultation machines. From time to time, patients or their relatives inquired about outpatient pharmacies, hospital fees, inspections and other information in front of the consultation machines. The distribution points of convenience facilities such as gates, drinking places and elevators were also very clear. Take out your mobile phone next to the consultation machine and "shake it". The intelligent navigation system covering the whole hospital can automatically plan the appropriate route, and the accuracy is calculated in meters.

　　In order to meet the needs of patients for continuous medical treatment, Tiantan Hospital has also added the function of "one-click follow-up". The patient can select the option of "Follow-up Registration" in the "Registration" interface of the mobile phone "Beijing Medical Link", so that he can see the previous medical records and directly make a "point-to-point" appointment for the last deputy director and above.

　　In addition to consultation machines and registered self-service machines, sharing wheelchairs is also very popular. "It’s very convenient and cheap, and it’s free to use for the first 3 hours every day." Mr. Wang, who "borrowed" a shared wheelchair, was full of praise for this.

　　In the corridor of the inpatient department, rows of cabinets like express self-service cabinets constitute the clothing self-service recycling station. Zack Zhang, director of the outpatient department of Tiantan Hospital, said that the clothes in each ward were collected for cleaning or related treatment.

　　Self-help facilities can not only provide auxiliary medical services, but also save lives in an emergency. Zack Zhang introduced that Tiantan Hospital has set up more than 90 automatic external defibrillators, so that patients in critical condition can get basic cardiac rescue measures as soon as they enter the door, which saves the time of pushing into the emergency room. "For saving people, every minute and every second is robbed."

　　Wards can also be highly intelligent.

　　"This thing is powerful, it can order food on it, and it can be evaluated by doctors and nurses, as well as medical science." Inpatient Mr. Zhao pointed to the "suspended" pad with adjustable bedside distance and told the Science and Technology Daily reporter. These are some explorations made by Tiantan Hospital in the construction of intelligent wards.

　　"In our ward, every patient has a pad at the bedside. This bedside interactive system of smart ward can not only provide entertainment functions such as digital TV for inpatients, but also enable patients to query their medical records, make appointments, order nutritious meals and so on in real time." Zhou Jianxin said.

　　In Mr. Zhao’s hospital bed, the humble mattress also has "high intelligence". According to Bai Bo, deputy director of Tiantan Hospital Information Center, the smart mattress has a built-in chip, which can wirelessly transmit the collected information of patients’ physical condition to the monitoring platform, and monitor patients’ vital signs in real time. Once patients leave the bed for too long, the nurse station will immediately call the police to prevent accidents such as falling and fainting.

　　Not only that, the hospital can also display the patient’s doctor’s orders, the progress of infusion, medication reminders and other information on the big screen of the nurse station in real time, so that family members and patients don’t have to look up at the infusion set from time to time. On the big screen of the nurse station in Ward 3 of Vascular Neurology, the reporter saw that it clearly showed the real-time dynamics of infusion of more than 30 patients, and the patient numbers with less dosage and too fast infusion were automatically marked with different colors. "The infusion monitoring system has reduced a lot of burdens for patients’ families and medical staff. We can plan a scientific and time-saving route according to the screen display to ensure the safety of infusion and medication for every patient. " A nurse told the Science and Technology Daily reporter.

　　"At present, there are about 200 such smart beds in the whole hospital, which are distributed in various wards." Bai Bo said that such a smart sickbed is not expensive, and every patient has the opportunity to enjoy such a smart sickbed, just like the ordinary sickroom.

　　Zhou Jianxin said that in addition to the smart ward, the hospital has also explored many "high intelligence" technologies applied to medical practice. For example, BioMind, the world’s first neuroimaging artificial intelligence aided diagnosis product, can be used in 3-mdash; Automatically write a structured diagnosis report within 5 seconds; There are also intravascular interventional surgical robots, bone wearing robots and medical AI robots, which can be developed and transformed soon.

　　Consultation breaks through long distance

　　If smart hospitals such as self-help and smart wards are regarded as a point, remote consultation may connect points all over the country or even around the world into a line and radiate into a plane.

　　"Patients no longer seek medical treatment everywhere, but ‘ Foot-out area ’ You can enjoy the diagnosis and treatment services of national experts. " Li Liang, vice president of Beijing Chest Hospital, said that telemedicine can not only save patients from the pain of travel, but also enjoy better medical resources. More importantly, it can prevent infectious patients such as tuberculosis from causing a wider range of infections on the way to seek medical advice, thus achieving the purpose of effective prevention and control of infectious diseases. Not long ago, Beijing Chest Hospital and other units jointly set up a hospital-linked remote diagnosis and treatment platform, and set up a green channel for diagnosis and treatment between Beijing Chest Hospital and various tuberculosis prevention and treatment institutes in Beijing.

　　In the remote consultation room of Beijing Chest Hospital, the reporter of Science and Technology Daily observed the remote diagnosis and treatment process of a pulmonary tuberculosis patient admitted by Daxing District Tuberculosis Control Institute in Beijing. Doctors from Daxing District Institute of Tuberculosis and Prevention briefly introduced the patient’s condition and medication through high-definition video, and the patient’s detection image data were also transmitted simultaneously. Three experts from Beijing Chest Hospital asked and discussed from time to time, and finally determined a scientific, reasonable and feasible treatment plan.

　　"When necessary, the patient himself will ‘ Appear ’ So that we can know the condition more accurately and comprehensively. " Gao Mengqiu, director of the Second Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter.

　　The earliest remote consultation may only start with a mobile phone that can shoot videos. Now the relevant state departments attach great importance to the construction of high-quality telemedicine.

　　"This year, we will carry out pilot projects for the construction of urban medical groups in one hundred cities, and apply ‘ Internet plus & rsquo; Methods The telemedicine system, tele-consultation system, tele-education system and two-way referral system supported by informatization were established in the medical association, and the information interconnection, intercommunication and sharing of patients from primary medical institutions to superior hospitals were explored. The medical association will provide patients with continuous and integrated diagnosis and treatment services. " Jiao Yahui said.

　　"Overall, the development of China’s medical services is in the process of changing from ‘ Informatization ’ To ‘ Wisdom ’ The critical stage of the transition. " Jiao Yahui said. The wisdom hospital is on the road, or not far away.

"Congratulations on lending 500,000 yuan, and customers can’t keep up." Xiao Bo (a pseudonym), who claimed to be an intelligent outbound service provider for telemarketing, updated his circle of friends with a screenshot of a customer’s successful lending. In Xiao Bo’s circle of friends, there are many similar "success stories". Xiao Bo claims that his telemarketing robot can make more than 1,000 calls in a single day, and the connection rate remains at 30% or even higher, and can avoid supervision and prevent titles.

Are you still bothered by harassing calls about selling loans and POS machines?

From late October to November, 2021, The Paper reporter found that the chaos in the telemarketing industry still exists. The technical model of "outbound call system+telemarketing robot" claims to be able to accurately dial the special line and mark the customer information, and evade the supervision of communication operators through technology; Behind it are hidden behaviors such as illegal trading of personal information and illegal sales of POS machines.

The so-called "anti-sealing" call-out system for electric sales

Telemarketing is a sales method relying on telephone, which contacts customers through special telephone marketing numbers to complete product promotion, quotation, transaction, etc., but this method is often easy to cause harassment to users. In the media reports, there are many cases in which telephone users are often disturbed by receiving telemarketing calls. In recent years, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the three major operators have taken measures such as "high-frequency call blocking". However, with the application of intelligent voice and other technologies, the intelligent outbound calling software system, which claims to be able to make a large number of calls a day and "prevent blocking" (prevent blocking), still makes users hard to prevent.

A recent survey in The Paper found that some telemarketing software used "anti-sealing" as a gimmick to attract customers, and all kinds of "anti-sealing robots" gradually became popular in the market.

In Baidu Post Bar and Tencent QQ, the keyword "electricity sales" is searched, which shows a lot of information about "electricity sales software". The reporter randomly joined a QQ group named "Outbound Call System for Telemarketing", with more than 1,000 members and an account named "Chamber of Commerce for Telemarketing Systems" posting various promotional information related to Telemarketing from time to time in the group. "electricity sales card", "electricity sales App" and "electricity sales anti-sealing system" ……

The sales information in the group claims that the services provided can cover the whole industry such as finance, collection, loan, insurance, health care, drinks, auto insurance and games.

The reporter randomly added the WeChat of Xiao Bo, a telemarketing intelligent outbound service provider, from the QQ group. He asked the reporter what business he wanted to do, saying, "Let’s see if we can do it. Now the telecom fraud investigation is strict." After confirming that it was a "campus loan" business, he enthusiastically introduced his products and sent a price list, including a set of real-life speech made by 300 yuan, and a robot package divided into basic version, premium version and agent version according to different price points and specifications. During the conversation, Xiao Bo said that most of his clients are selling financial stocks, loan insurance and POS machine sales, all of which can be "sealed".

In his description, the "anti-sealing robot" does not need any calling cards and auxiliary equipment, and the outbound call system purchased together will use the group call line to dial the number. Regarding the reporter’s question that "making too many calls will not be seized", Xiao Bo replied that a certain line will inevitably have complaints every month, but as long as it reaches the upper limit of the complaint rate, it will stop the line and replace it with another one, so as to prevent the system purchased by customers from being blocked. He also mentioned a new business to be launched soon-an anti-sealing App for electricity sales. In the promotional picture of the App, the words "the three major operators’ Puka seconds turn white list and the high frequency does not seal the number" are placed in the most conspicuous position.

In order to further dispel the reporter’s doubts, Xiao Bo added, "We are first-class landing line operators and all cooperate with operators."

He Zheng (a pseudonym), another service provider who claimed to be engaged in the research and development of the telemarketing system for 6 years, explained to reporters that the telemarketing robot business on the market now basically adopts the "line+system+service" model. Buyers only need to use the account they provide, and they can enjoy a full set of services, "including technical support, carrying lines and after-sales."

In the 1 minute and 22 second recording of "Loan Talk" he sent, a customer on the other end of the phone in love women, who claimed to be a "customer service representative of a bank", indicated that he could handle a loan of 3-5 million yuan and "pay it back as you borrow it". In this conversation, the customer service representative repeatedly said that he was a staff member of "a bank credit center" and asked about the occupation of the telemarketing customer, the loan and insurance business he handled, and "whether there is a house or a car under his name".

He Zheng said that the so-called "bank customer service representative" bought their telemarketing system, recorded it in advance, and combined it into a complete sales talk according to the matching of the system. The customer thought it was a real person and was constantly "promoted", and might place a loan order. But in fact, they don’t know whether this "bank customer service representative" is a bank staff member or a telecom fraudster.

The "material dealer" in the dark of the electricity sales industry

In the telemarketing industry, an important part is to obtain customer information resources. The illegal trading of personal information also breeds in the dark.

After the reporter joined a QQ group, a "supplier" who claimed to specialize in health care lines (the person who provided information such as the user’s phone number) sent a message in the QQ group saying that he obtained the information of consumers who bought a health care book in TV shopping programs and then sold it to the telemarketing team or system service provider who promoted health care products. In the screenshots he sent, these consumers are distributed in different provinces such as Shandong, Henan and Zhejiang.

Compared with system service providers, "material suppliers" are more cautious. They usually don’t directly give contact information such as WeChat or telephone, and they will communicate further after confirming that the other party is an "intended customer".

In a chat with a "supplier" named AZY, the reporter learned that most customer resources are divided into "AI materials" and "hand-stripping materials". "AI material" is provided for electric sales robots, while "hand stripping material" is provided for employees who make phone calls manually. According to the feedback rate of dialing, the prices of the two "materials" are also different. Generally speaking, the feedback rate of "hand stripping" is higher than that of "AI material" and therefore the price is higher.

According to the price standard sent by AZY, 600 yuan RMB can buy 10,000 pieces of AI materials or 1,000 pieces of user information. These materials are usually replaced by different pinyin abbreviations, such as the special line for investors, which they call "GM powder", and the online loan, which is called "Wd".

There are many "anti-pit and anti-second-hand material merchants" posts in Baidu Post Bar. Some familiar "material merchants" will add WeChat to each other and set up their own WeChat groups, in order to expand or stabilize their sources of "materials".

In the investigation, the reporter found that in order to be more concealed, the transactions between suppliers and buyers often shift from WeChat to other more private online trading platforms. The line operator "AXY" chose an overseas chat software called "Telegram" to complete the transaction with the customer. After failing to reach a transaction with the reporter, "AXY" immediately closed his QQ space.

How to deal with the chaos of electricity sales

In recent years, the phenomenon of electricity sales has been repeatedly concerned and rectified.

In 2019, the central bank issued document [2019] No.85 "Notice of the People’s Bank of China on Further Strengthening the Management of Payment and Settlement to Prevent New Crimes in Telecommunication Networks", pointing to the chaos of telephone sales of POS machines. At the same time, a number of payment institutions issued a notice on strictly prohibiting online sales and electronic sales of POS machines. However, the circle of friends of service provider He Zheng is still full of sales records of a large number of "POS machine" sales customers. When the reporter asked about the POS machine sales business, he did not show him any business license in the financial industry.

According to media reports, the sales scam of POS machines has already become a high-incidence area for complaints. Telephone sales mostly attract customers to use their products with "low rate and free delivery", but after the user places an order, there will be various charges including activation fee, deposit, service fee and so on. The reporter’s search on the Internet also found that many deceived users reported that they could not get the account after receiving the POS machine, and even were blacked out directly by the salesman.

In May this year, the Consumer Protection Bureau of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission issued Circular No.8 of 2021, "Circular on Cases of Ping An Bank’s Telemarketing of Physical Products Infringed on Consumers’ Legal Rights and Interests" (hereinafter referred to as "Circular"), which informed the case that Ping An Bank cooperated with a third party to sell physical products by telephone and infringed on consumers’ legal rights and interests.

According to the "Circular", in the spot check of 60 physical products sold by Ping An Bank Credit Card Center, 53 businesses were illegal, accounting for 88.33%.

Fu Liang, a telecom analyst, told The Paper that at present, the management of the domestic electricity sales industry has not yet formed a complete norm. "Many links have not been (completely) opened." If the management standards between relevant departments cannot be unified, there will be barriers to the management and rectification of the chaos of electricity sales. Even if users find their personal information leaked or traded, it is often difficult to find a "channel" for complaints and handling.

Fu Liang also pointed out that operators are the primary link to ensure that users’ information is not leaked. They often have their own strict operating norms, but they cannot completely avoid the possibility of leaks in huge business branches. Moreover, in this highly developed network era, many personal information is in a "semi-public" state.

He believes that in the use of various scenes in daily life, such as telephone numbers and names, information is constantly used and exchanged, and it is difficult to completely quantify whether it involves "privacy disclosure". "If there is an improper transaction of user information, no matter where it happens, it is an illegal act."

　　Knowing the news of Huang Xing’s death, Yang Chengrong, a poor household who was nearly 80 years old, burst into tears: "He is a relative of our poor household!"

　　Huang Xing, deputy director of Shiyan Poverty Alleviation Office, Hubei Province. On February 28th this year, 46-year-old Huang Xing suffered a sudden myocardial infarction after working for several days in a row. He died in the line of duty and fell on the road to poverty alleviation. Recently, the Hubei Provincial Federation of Trade Unions posthumously awarded Huang Xing the Hubei May 1 Labor Medal and called on the majority of trade union cadres to learn from it.

　　I broke down from overwork and had a heart attack. I went to the hospital with a poverty alleviation manual.

　　Shiyan Poverty Alleviation Office, Office 4128. The large-scale schematic diagram of the Ten Commandments’ accurate poverty alleviation is still hung in a prominent position on the wall, but it can’t wait to draw its owner.

　　"He misses the poverty alleviation work every day and always refuses to let himself take a short rest. This time he can finally rest." Xu Hongbo, the chief of general department in the same office as Huang Xing, wiped away tears and said.

　　In the last 59 days of his life, except for the four-day holiday of the Spring Festival, Huang Xing has been running in the front line of poverty alleviation, including 23 days in northern Shaanxi to participate in the inter-provincial cross-examination of national poverty alleviation and development.

　　"In northern Shaanxi, there is ice and snow everywhere, and it is about MINUS 20 degrees Celsius outside. Huang Xing enters the village during the day, and he has to work overtime after the group meeting at night, often after 2 am." Zhang Guangming, deputy director of the Poverty Alleviation Office in Maojian District, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, who participated in the assessment with Huang Xing, said that as the deputy head of the assessment team, Huang Xing was not only responsible for routine work, but also responsible for overall planning and summary, which was more arduous than the work of the team members.

　　Returning to Shiyan from Shaanxi, Huang Xing neglected to rest and continued to work overtime.

　　"On February 26, two days before his illness, he was still supervising the poverty alleviation assessment in danjiangkou city." Xu Hongbo recalled that on February 27th, Huang Xing came to the office early and worked overtime until about 11 o’clock that evening. Suddenly, he said that his heart was uncomfortable, and Xu Hongbo and his colleagues rushed him to the hospital.

　　When he went to the hospital, he still had a poverty alleviation manual in his pocket. Xu Hongbo said that in the last few hours of his life, Huang Xing was still asking the doctor: "Can you give me some medicine? I want to go back to work early."

　　Due to his serious illness, Huang Xing was still unable to recover his vital signs after being rescued in the intensive care unit for more than 10 hours. He died at noon on February 28th at the age of 46. His family left only his 80-year-old frail mother and his daughter who was in the first year of high school.

　　Take things in the village as your own business.

　　Daping Village, Maota Township, Maojian District, Shiyan City is the designated contact village of Shiyan Poverty Alleviation Office. As the backbone of the Poverty Alleviation Office, Huang Xing is a frequent visitor in the village.

　　In the diary, Huang Xing once wrote: "Always remember that I am a party member who serves the people and treats the poor people with sincerity. No matter how busy you are, you can’t forget the poor households! "

　　But after all, he didn’t wait until Daping Village got rid of poverty.

　　As one of the 456 poverty-stricken villages in Shiyan City, after three years of poverty alleviation, only 54 households in Daping Village are still out of poverty. According to the plan, the whole village will be listed at the end of this year.

　　"Without Director Huang, how can we get rid of poverty in our village so smoothly? Our whole village remembers his kindness. " Liu Qinglong, secretary of the Party branch of Daping Village, said that Huang Xing took things in the village as his own business. In late January this year, heavy snow fell in Shiyan, and the greenhouse vegetables in the village were seriously affected. On the day he returned from a business trip in Shaanxi, Huang Xing rushed to the village to discuss disaster relief measures.

　　"I heard that Director Huang died, and I didn’t sleep a wink all night. Such a good person, how can God let him go! " Standing in front of his new house, Liu Tiane, a poor household, was tearful.

　　In 2015, Liu Tianqi’s husband died of illness. She had to raise children and pay her husband more than 100,000 yuan in medical debts, which made the originally poor family worse. Huang Xing took the initiative to find the door and formed a helping pair with her to help her find the right thing to do and improve her housing conditions according to relevant policies.

　　"Making friends with poor families, helping poor households and uprooting poor roots" is an important measure for Shiyan City to promote precision poverty alleviation and precision poverty alleviation. Yang Chengrong, Yu Shiyou, Wang Demei, etc. are all poor households that Huang Xing "married" in the village. Hearing the bad news, they all said it was hard to accept.

　　There are more "relatives" in poor households, and Huang Xing has less time to spend with his family and children, but his family understands this very well.

　　After his death, his 15-year-old daughter wrote: "Dad is a conscientious and meticulous person who treats his work and treats his colleagues kindly. Meticulous to me and grandma. He is my hero … …” His old mother is a retired teacher. When talking about her son, the old man said with tears: "He gave his life to the party and the people. He is glorious!"

　　He is not only working hard, but also an expert in theory.

　　According to Peng Wenjun, director of Shiyan Poverty Alleviation Office, Huang Xing is an "old ox" on the road to poverty alleviation.

　　"He has to deal with daily affairs during the day, and he has to stay up late to write various documents when he goes home at night. There is always endless work." Peng Wenjun said.

　　"He had the opportunity to transfer to other positions in the province or the city, but he declined them one by one. He said that it is a critical moment to get rid of poverty and he must not be a deserter!" Peng Wenjun said.

　　What makes colleagues admire even more is that Huang Xing is not only working hard, but also an expert in theory.

　　Having worked for 25 years, Huang Xing has been in the poverty relief office for 22 years, and has been rated as an excellent civil servant for three consecutive years, and has been transferred to the national and provincial poverty relief offices for special work many times. He wrote or participated in the drafting of the Plan for Regional Development and Poverty Alleviation in Qinba Mountain Area (2011— In 2020), the Implementation Plan for Regional Development and Poverty Alleviation in Qinba Mountain Area of Hubei Province and the Decision of Hubei Province on Further Strengthening Poverty Alleviation and Development are also well-known in the poverty alleviation system.

　　Peng Wenjun introduced that Huang Xing has been responsible for the assessment of precision poverty alleviation for a long time. Since 2014, Shiyan has been rated as excellent for four consecutive years in the assessment of the responsibility system for poverty alleviation work of local party and government in Hubei Province.

　　"How to fight the tough battle against poverty in the city, how to supervise the implementation of policies, how to consolidate and improve the effect of poverty alleviation, etc., we often discuss and plan together." Peng Wenjun said that in the poverty alleviation office, Huang Xing is his "right hand man" and an example in the eyes of his colleagues.

　　After Huang Xing’s death, Shiyan Municipal Committee posthumously awarded him the title of "Excellent Communist party member of the whole city" and called on party member cadres in the whole city to learn from Huang Xing.

　　Zhang Meirong, a colleague of Huang Xing’s before his death, expressed everyone’s voice: "Our generation should carry on the legacy and swear to eradicate poverty!"

【Chexun. com reported】 Recently, the first model of HarmonyOS Zhixing’s last "world" Shangjie H5 was officially released, and the Shangjie synchronization official announced that the new car will be pre-sold on August 25th.

　　For HarmonyOS Zhixing, Shangjie is not only the last link to make it form a "fist power" completely, but also the key to make it burst into greater energy in China auto market. Previously, the photo of Yu Chengdong, managing director of Huawei and chairman of BG, and Jia Jianxu, president of SAIC, driving the Shangjie H5 together triggered a heated discussion on the Internet. This high-level interaction shows that both sides attach great importance to Shangjie H5!

　　Are you ready to challenge the Red Sea and Shangjie H5 in the 200,000-class SUV market? Let’s look down!

　　Large space: accurately fit the mainstream family’s "just need"

　　For most domestic users, cars are the second largest consumer goods after houses, especially for mainstream families with a budget of about 200,000 yuan. "One car with multiple uses" is just needed. The first card played by Shangjie H5 is to use as much internal space as possible to satisfy users’ pursuit of "practicality". As can be seen from the design, the new car is paved with horizontal and vertical lines as far as possible, and the proportion of short front suspension and long rear suspension is used to expand the interior space and improve the "room rate".

　　We can also get evidence from the data of the car body. The length, width and height of the car body of Shangjie H5 are 4780/1910/1664mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 2840 mm.. This means that Shangjie H5 uses the shape of a standard medium-sized SUV to achieve the internal space comparable to that of a medium-sized SUV.

　　The essence of the new car’s space is vividly displayed in the back page. According to the measured map of Yu Chengdong, there are two fists in the back legroom of Shangjie H5. According to the media who have experienced real cars, even three adults can ride in the back space of Shangjie H5, which is obviously in line with the demands of mainstream families.

　　Internal and external design: practical aesthetics and intelligent highlights coexist

　　Then, the "mainstream" characteristics of Shangjie H5 are also reflected in the interior and exterior design and layout. The overall design of the new car looks simple and advanced. Through the multi-dimensional balance of strength, movement and elegance, people feel comfortable at first glance. Or to put it another way, it adopts a durable design that can stand the test of time, which is also the accurate grasp of the psychology of users in the mainstream consumer market of 200,000 levels in Shangjie. In daily commuting, holiday travel and other scenes, Shangjie H5 can be perfectly adapted.

　　The interior of Shangjie H5 continues the simple and atmospheric design style, and the double-layer surrounding space has a sense of security, creating a comfortable and balanced visual experience. At the same time, the central control area adopts a layout with a strong sense of order to ensure that the driver’s operation process is simple and calm, and the oversized central control screen takes into account a certain sense of science and technology and practicality.

　　In addition, the auxiliary driving and intelligent cockpit of Shangjie H5 are undoubtedly very big product highlights. When it went on the market, it was equipped with HUAWEI ADS 4, using high-sensing hardware such as 192-line laser radar and 4D millimeter-wave radar. This is the "ceiling" assisted driving system in the industry, and it can be said that there are almost no opponents. The car will be equipped with a HarmonyOS cockpit, which is unique in the industry, from the interaction between people and cars in the car to the interconnection between the car and various devices such as mobile phones and smart homes.

　　Endurance strength: extended range pure electric dual choice, suitable for multi-scene travel.

　　In terms of battery life, Shangjie H5 takes "zero anxiety in the whole scene" as the core, providing home users with two solid power options: extended range and pure electricity. The extended range version is equipped with a 1.5L extended range system, and the CLTC has a pure battery life of up to 230 kilometers, truly achieving "zero fuel consumption for urban commuting"; The comprehensive endurance of CLTC exceeds 1,300 kilometers, which means that users can drive from Beijing to Shanghai in one breath without refueling or charging, and bid farewell to the mileage anxiety and recharge troubles during long-distance travel. The pure electric version provides 64.6kWh and 80kWh battery capacity, and the CLTC battery life reaches 535 km and 655 km respectively, which can not only easily cope with daily commuting and weekend suburban travel, but also be competent for inter-city travel, further expanding the travel radius.

　　Write at the end:

　　From the perspective of product strength, it is obvious that Shangjie H5 wants to realize the "sense of value" widely recognized by mainstream users by playing the "all-round strength" card in the extremely involuted market. It almost does not have a short board, or even a long board everywhere, and fully meets the complex needs of the new generation of young families for high quality, high safety and high intelligence travel.

　　Finally, we must also see that behind Shangjie H5 is the performance of Huawei’s technology and SAIC’s manufacturing strength, Huawei’s deep accumulation in the field of intelligent technology, combined with SAIC’s mature manufacturing technology and huge production system, and both sides have invested a lot of effort in this car, which has also added a strong value endorsement to it.

　　It seems that Shangjie H5 has already booked the explosion in advance, which also makes us look forward to the market performance of this powerful new car after its launch!

[Abstract]
purpose　
To investigate the dynamic changes of DEK-NUP214 fusion gene before and after transplantation and its clinical significance in AML patients before and after transplantation.
way　
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to detect the DEK-NUP214 gene expression and leukemia-related immunophenotype (LAIP) of 15 newly diagnosed AML patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in Peking University People’s Hospital from September 2012 to September 2017.
result
The median follow-up time was 657 days (62-2212 days). The median expression level of DEK-NUP214 was 488.2% (273.6-1692.1%). Thirteen patients had complete remission before allo-HSCT. Among the 15 patients before allo-HSCT, 13 (86.7%) were positive for DEK-NUP214, with a median of 0.32% (0.029-738.9%). Nine patients (69.2%) remained positive for DEK-NUP214 gene after allo-HSCT. However, its expression level decreased by about 500 times (5.7-5,663 times) within one month after transplantation. After transplantation, 5 cases died (33.3%) and 2 cases recurred (13.3%). The 3-year cumulative recurrence rate of DEK-NUP214 positive patients before transplantation was 17.5 11.3%, and the 3-year overall survival rate was 60.5 13.8%. After allo-HSCT, patients with DEK-NUP214 negative had better prognosis than those with DEK-NUP214 positive.
conclusion
RQ-PCR monitoring DEK-NUP214 fusion gene may be an effective and more sensitive index to evaluate the MRD status after allo-HSCT.

[Keywords:]Keywords allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, DEK-NUP214 fusion gene, minimal residual disease, acute myeloid leukemia.

With t(6; 9）（p23; Q34) Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with chromosome abnormality accounts for about 1% of AML, and there is a fusion gene between DEK gene on chromosome 6 and NUP214 gene on chromosome 9. Slovak et al. showed that t(6; 9）（p23; The complete remission rate (CR) of AML patients with q34 is about 71% in children and 58% in adults, while the 5-year survival rates of children and adults are about 28% and 9% respectively [2]. Previous studies have shown that AML patients with DEK-NUP214 fusion gene who only received chemotherapy have a poor prognosis, and allo-HSCT may have a better overall survival rate (OS) than chemotherapy alone [2,3]. Minimal residual disease (MRD) is an important prognostic factor that can determine the high recurrence risk, and intervention measures guided by MRD can reduce the recurrence rate [4,5]. Detection of leukemia-specific fusion genes The transcription level obtained by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) can accurately and sensitively reflect the MRD status. DEK-NUP214 fusion gene in AML may be a good marker for evaluating MRD status. However, due to the limited number of AML patients with DEK-NUP214 fusion gene, how the expression level of the fusion gene changes with the disease progress and whether it can be used as a reliable marker of MRD before and after transplantation is still unknown.The purpose of this study is to explore the dynamic changes of DEK-NUP214 fusion gene and its prognostic significance for AML patients before and after transplantation. 　

One,Research objects and methods

1. Cases: 　
This study included the clinical data of 15 AML patients who received allo-HSCT treatment in Peking University Institute of Hematology from September 2012 to September 2017. The widely used WHO standard was used to diagnose patients [6]. Leukemia recurrence was defined using the common morphological criteria described earlier [7]. 　 　
2. Transplantation pretreatment scheme and prevention of graft versus host disease (GVHD): 　
Patients with complete HLA siblings were treated with modified busulfan/cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy), while patients with mismatched HLA were treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) on the basis of modified BU/CY [7]. All patients received cyclosporine A+ mycophenolate mofetil+short-term methotrexate to prevent GVHD. 　 　
3. Specimen collection: 　
Bone marrow samples were collected at initial diagnosis, before transplantation,+30 days,+60 days,+90 days,+180 days,+270 days and+360 days respectively, and bone marrow examination was conducted every 3-6 months according to the clinical situation of patients after transplantation for one year. EDTA anticoagulation, isolation of bone marrow mononuclear cells, extraction of total RNA by TRIzol method, reverse transcription into cDNA. 　 　
4.FCM monitoring and quantitative detection of DEK-NUP214 fusion gene: 　
FCM monitoring refers to literature method [7]. Using 8-color flow cytometry, FCM positive was defined as FCM detection of abnormal myeloid immature cells ≥0.01%. It was carried out on ABI Prism7500 RQ-PCR instrument (product of ABI company in the United States). 10ul of reaction system: 0.3umol/L of upstream and downstream primers, 0.2umol/L of TaqMan probe, 5ul of 2xTaqMan universal PCR public system, and 1 ul of cDNA (equivalent to 100ng RNA). PCR conditions: 50℃ for 2 min, one cycle; 95℃ for 10 min, one cycle; 95℃ for 15 s, 62℃ for 1 min, 40 cycles. The internal reference gene is ABL. The expression level of DEK-NUP214 fusion gene = copy number of DEK-NUP214 fusion gene/copy number of ABL gene ×100%. 　 　
5. Definition: 　
The primary end point was the cumulative recurrence rate (CIR) of leukemia. Secondary end points were treatment-free survival (TRM), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Recurrence, OS, DFS and MRD are defined as mentioned above [8]. Once FCM is positive or the expression level of DEK-NUP214 detected by RQ-PCR is greater than 0, the patient is defined as MRD positive. Interventions for MRD-positive patients after transplantation include chemotherapy, interferon, immunosuppression and/or donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). 　 　
6. Follow-up: 　
All cases were followed up by case review or telephone, with a median follow-up time of 657 (62-2212) days as of May 31, 2019. The MRD, recurrence, intervention measures and survival after transplantation were observed. 　 　
7. Statistical analysis: 　
SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Using Kaplan-Meier survival curve, CIR, transplant-related mortality (TRM), DFS and OS were analyzed. Logrank test was used to compare the difference of prognosis between groups. P value ≥0.05 is considered statistically significant. 　

Second,Clinical research results

1. Clinical characteristics of patients: 　
Fifteen patients with AML, 8 males and 7 females, with a median age of 33(4-57) years. The median expression level of newly diagnosed DEK-NUP214 was 488.2% (273.6–1692.1%). Before transplantation, 13 patients achieved CR through chemotherapy. Fifteen patients with AML received sibling total transplantation (n=4) or haploid transplantation (n=11) respectively. All patients received stable neutrophil implantation. Two patients (13.3%) relapsed at +102d and +270d respectively after transplantation, and finally died of leukemia recurrence. In addition, 3 cases were treatment-related deaths (Table 1). 　 　

2. Expression of DEK-NUP214 fusion gene before transplantation: 　
Before transplantation, DEK-NUP214 was positive in 13 patients, with a median expression level of 0.38% (0.029-738.9%). Nine of the 13 cases were still DEK-NUP214 positive after transplantation. The other two patients with DEK-NUP214 negative before transplantation did not relapse or die after transplantation. Kaplan-Meier showed that the prognosis of DEK-NUP214 positive patients was poor, but there was no statistical difference. The 3-year CIR of positive patients before transplantation was 17.5 11.3% (P = 0.545, Figure 1A). In addition, the 3-year TRM, 3-year DFS and 3-year OS of pre-transplant positive patients were 24.5 12.3%, 61.5 13.5% and 60.5 13.8%, respectively (P = 0.464, Figure 1b; P=0.336, Figure 1c; P=0.329, fig. 1D). 　 　
3. Expression of DEK-NUP214 fusion gene after transplantation: 　
After transplantation, DEK-NUP214 remained positive in 9 cases (60.0%). However, its expression level decreased by about 500 (5.7-5,663) times within one month after transplantation. Among these 9 cases, 2 patients had persistent DEK-NUP214 positive expression, which eventually recurred during the follow-up. Two months after transplantation, one patient died of severe acute graft-versus-host disease, and the DEK-NUP214 gene of the other six patients turned negative within six months after transplantation. The 3-year CIR of DEK-NUP214 positive group was higher, which was 27.1 16.5%. There was no recurrence in DEK-NUP214 negative group (P=0.187, Figure 2A). Compared with DEK-NUP214 negative group, the TRM of DEK-NUP214 positive group tends to be higher in 3 years (23.8 14.8% and 16.7 15.2% respectively, P=0.674, Figure 2B). The 3-year DFS and 3-year OS between the two groups were 55.6 16.6% and 83.3 15.2 (P = 0.229, Figure 2C) and 53.3 17.3% vs.83.3 15.2% (P = 0.245, Figure 2D), respectively. 　 　 　 　
4. Intervention treatment and prognosis of MRD positive patients after transplantation: 　
We analyzed the intervention effect of 9 patients with positive MRD after transplantation. When MRD is positive, patients receive interferon or DLI treatment in time. Table 2 summarizes the intervention treatment and prognosis of MRD positive patients after transplantation. Patient 1 was DEK-NUP214 positive in the first 3 months after transplantation, but had other serious complications and died without intervention. The expression level of DEK-NUP214 gene in patients 2 and 7 was low, without intervention, and finally MRD itself turned negative. Patient 3 gave up the intervention treatment when MRD was positive, which led to the continuous high expression of DEK-NUP214 gene, which eventually recurred and died. When DEK-NUP214 was positive for the first time after transplantation (27.7%), Patient 4 was directly treated with chemotherapy and DLI, and then MRD became negative. Patient 5 died of infection early after transplantation. Patients 6 and 8 received interferon therapy and MRD became negative. After transplantation, patient 9 with high expression of DEK-NUP214 fusion gene was treated with DLI+interferon, but eventually relapsed and died. 　

Third,Discussion and analysis

Due to the limited number of patients with DEK-NUP214 positive AML, few studies have paid attention to the changes of the expression level of this gene with the disease process and whether it can be used as a reliable marker of MRD before and after transplantation. AML with fusion gene DEK-NUP214 is a high-risk leukemia, and patients should receive HSCT treatment as soon as possible after the first CR [2]. Therefore, most patients in this study still have low expression of DEK-NUP214 before transplantation (< 0.1%). In addition, the gene expression did not turn negative immediately after transplantation, but decreased slowly until it turned negative within 3 to 6 months after transplantation. Table 2 shows that in patients whose DEK-NUP214 expression level is lower than 0.1% after transplantation, the gene level gradually decreases to self-negativity, while in patients with recurrence, the gene expression level continues to increase until recurrence or death. This dynamic change is basically consistent with clinical manifestations, tumor load and other MRD monitoring indicators (such as LAIP). The expression level higher than 0.1% implies a high risk of recurrence after transplantation. 0.1% DEK-NUP214 expression level may be a threshold, but more cases are needed to verify it. 　 　
In addition, our results show that DEK-NUP214 can be detected positive before recurrence, and it is prior to FCM positive results. Ommen HB et al. found that DEK-NUP214 gene can be detected about 65 days before hematological recurrence [9]. Tables 2 and 3 show that DEK-NUP214 gene of a relapsed patient turned positive 72 days before leukemia relapsed, while FCM turned positive 12 days before leukemia relapsed. Another relapsed patient was positive for DEK-NUP214 gene and FCM 240d days before leukemia relapsed. Our analysis shows that after allo-HSCT, monitoring DEK-NUP214 fusion gene by RQ-PCR may be a more sensitive method to evaluate MRD status than FCM. Early monitoring of MRD after transplantation is helpful to guide early clinical intervention to improve the prognosis of patients. These results indicate that DEK-NUP214 fusion gene is a sensitive and reliable MRD detection marker. 　 　

Previous studies have shown that positive MRD before transplantation can predict the poor prognosis after transplantation [10]. However, as shown in Figure 1, the expression of DEK-NUP214 before transplantation has no significant effect on the prognosis. This is because most patients (n=12, 80.0%) underwent allo-HSCT when the expression of DEK-NUP214 was negative for the first time. Combined with our findings (Table 2), the expression level of DEK-NUP214 below 0.1% has no significant effect on prognosis. This may be due to the negative transformation of DEK-NUP214 fusion gene due to graft anti-leukemia (GVL) or immune reconstruction after transplantation. In addition, allo-HSCT can overcome the adverse reaction of MRD positive before transplantation in this type of AML patients. Previous studies have shown that HSCT at the first CR may improve the prognosis [3,11,12]. Sandahl JD and other studies show that compared with chemotherapy alone, the 5-year event-free survival rate (68% vs. 18%) and overall survival rate (68% vs. 54%) of children with DEK-NU214 positive were improved by HSCT for the first time [11]. Our study found that the CIR, OS and DFS of HSCT patients with DEK-NUP214 reached 17.5%, 60.5% and 61.5% respectively. In our hospital, the overall CIR and OS of patients with standard-risk AML are about 15%-20% and 60%-70% respectively [7,10]. Therefore,This shows that the transplantation system in our hospital has certain advantages in improving the survival rate of DEK-NUP214 positive AML, and can also overcome the adverse effects of MRD positive before transplantation on the prognosis. 　 　
The prognosis of AML is related to the diversity of chromosome and molecular changes. Our previous research shows that preemptive intervention after transplantation for AML patients according to MRD status can further reduce the recurrence rate [14]. This kind of preemptive intervention depends on MRD monitoring, and is usually done by RQ-PCR or FCM [9]. Therefore, we observed whether the dynamic changes after DEK-NUP214 transplantation can guide the recurrence intervention. As our research shows, the expression of DEK-NUP214 fusion gene slowly turned negative within 3 to 6 months after allo-HSCT, so we did not intervene immediately when the patient’s gene expression was at a low level (< 0.1). Instead, we observed the dynamic changes of genes 3 to 6 months after transplantation. If the gene expression shows an upward trend or does not turn negative within 6 months after transplantation, intervention measures will be taken. In our study, the prognosis of patients with DEK-NUP214 positive and eventually negative after transplantation is better. 　 　
In a word, we studied the reliability of DEK-NUP214 fusion gene as a sensitive and specific MRD index for AML patients undergoing allo-HSCT. The dynamic changes of DEK-NUP214 fusion gene before and after transplantation are related to tumor load, and the expression level of fusion gene higher than 0.1% implies high recurrence risk after transplantation. In addition, allo-HSCT can overcome t(6; 9) Adverse effects on AML patients. Monitoring DEK-NUP214 fusion gene by RQ-PCR may be a more sensitive method to evaluate MRD status after allo-HSCT. Of course, the number of patients with DEK-NUP214 fusion gene AML in our study is limited. It is still necessary to accumulate more samples for continuous research to more clearly prove the dynamic changes of DEK-NUP214 expression before and after transplantation. 　 　
Note:This article comes from the topic of "Molecular Diagnosis" in the fifth issue of Clinical Laboratory in 2021.