Original health news health news

When it comes to vacuum packaging, most people think that this kind of food is not easy to go bad, and it doesn’t take much thought to store it, which is safer than the food in general packaging. Is this really the case?

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What has vacuum packaging changed?

Vacuum packaging is a "modified atmosphere preservation" process. The result of vacuum pumping is the elimination of oxygen in food.

The deterioration of food is closely related to oxygen. On the one hand, the oxidation of oil in aerobic environment will produce "spicy taste"; On the other hand, aerobic bacteria in food will grow, causing food to rot, become sour, smelly and sticky.

Vacuuming removes the oxygen in the packaging bag, the oxidation of oil is inhibited, the growth of aerobic bacteria is also inhibited, and the food can remain "unchanged" for a longer time. However, this "invariability" is only visual and olfactory. Nature is full of all kinds of bacteria. In the presence of air, aerobic bacteria can flourish and anaerobic bacteria can be inhibited. However, after vacuumizing, aerobic bacteria will be inhibited and anaerobic bacteria will be "like a duck to water".

Anaerobic bacteria will not make food sour, smelly and sticky when growing, but they can produce toxins. Among them, the most important is Clostridium botulinum, which is commonly known as Botox.

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How "awesome" is Botox?

Botox exists widely in nature, such as vegetables, fish, meat and poultry. Botox itself is not harmful, and it can be killed by normal cooking conditions (cooking food). However, the terrible thing about Botox is that it can form spores. Spores are tenacious, and can "stubbornly persist" in boiling water for several hours under neutral conditions. When the conditions are right (such as at room temperature, without enough preservatives and in a non-acidic environment), Botox can grow up and then produce botulinum toxin. Botulinum toxin is a very toxic biological toxin, and its lethal dose is in the order of microgram.

Ordinary cooking (cooking food) can kill Botox, but not spores. For example, at 100℃, it takes 5 hours to kill spores. Therefore, even in cooked food, there may be spores of botulinum. At this point, several situations may occur:

1. If these foods are eaten directly, then these spores will not cause problems; 2. Put the food in the refrigerator, because it is in a low temperature environment, these spores will not grow and produce toxins; 3. If the food containing spores is placed at room temperature, because there is oxygen in the air, these spores will not grow and produce toxins, but the food may be spoiled by other bacteria; 4. Vacuumize the food containing botulism spores, and put it in a normal temperature environment. At this time, the spores will grow into botulism and secrete toxins. On the surface, the food does not seem to go bad, but once people eat such food, they will be dizzy, weak and blurred, and even life-threatening.

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How to avoid botulinum toxin poisoning

Botox is widespread and botulinum toxin is "toxic", but there are not many actual poisoning cases. The reason is that when cooking at home or eating in a restaurant, most of the cases are made and eaten now, which will not give Botox any room to grow; In industrial production, as long as the norms are observed, the risks brought by Botox can also be avoided.

To put it simply, the basic techniques for avoiding the production of botulinum toxin in cooked food in the food industry are:

1. Low-moisture food

For example, foods such as nuts and biscuits have extremely low water content and will not grow bacteria. Vacuum packaging will inhibit oxidation, so that botulinum toxin will not be produced.

2. High-acid food with 2.pH below 4.6.

Under normal cooking conditions, the spores of botulinum can be killed, so that botulinum toxin will not be produced.

3. Neutral and high-moisture cooked food

Preservatives can be added to effectively inhibit botulinum, so that botulinum toxin will not be produced.

4. Neutral and high-moisture cooked food

Vacuum packaging (or non-vacuum) is adopted, and it is stored in cold storage/freezing condition, and the growth of botulinum is inhibited by low temperature, so that botulinum toxin will not be produced.

5. Neutral, high-moisture and preservative-free food

After ultra-high temperature heating and packaging under aseptic conditions, the spores of botulinum can be killed, and botulinum toxin will not grow in the later stage.

6. Neutral, high-moisture and preservative-free food

Through canned/soft canned packaging, after high temperature (not lower than 121℃) and long time (more than 20 minutes) heating, Botox is killed, and then stored at room temperature, so that botulinum toxin will not be produced.

You may wish to think about whether the ready-to-eat food you buy meets the above conditions. Simply put, it is meaningful to pack cooked food in vacuum, which can better maintain the flavor and taste. However, after vacuumizing, it is more necessary to carry out refrigeration, otherwise the safety risk will be higher.

Original title: "Vacuum packaging is safer? Need to meet certain conditions "

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[car home Yulin Preferential Promotion Channel] Recently, the models that have attracted much attention have ushered in the latest preferential policies in Yulin, with the highest preferential amount reaching 5,000 yuan. After this preferential adjustment, the minimum starting price of Xingrui has dropped to 103,700 yuan. If you are interested in this model, you may wish to click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to get a higher discount.

Xingrui’s design has a strong visual impact. The front face adopts a streamlined air intake grille with sharp headlights, showing a fashionable and dynamic style. The body lines are smooth, the tail design is simple and layered, and the whole body presents a modern and steady temperament.

Xingrui has a body size of 4785*1869*1469mm and a wheelbase of 2800mm, which brings spacious and comfortable interior space. Its smooth side lines and 17-inch rims show an elegant sports style. The front and rear wheel tracks are 1618mm, which ensures the stability and handling of the vehicle. The former tyre size is 215/55 R17, and the latter tyre size is 215/55 R17, providing excellent grip and driving experience.

The interior of Xingrui adopts modern and simple style, giving people a sense of comfort and technology. The steering wheel is made of leather, which is comfortable to hold, and has the function of manual adjustment up and down and back and forth, which can meet the needs of different drivers. The central control panel is 14.6 inches in size, equipped with advanced multimedia system and navigation function. It can operate multimedia, navigation, telephone, air conditioner and skylight through voice recognition control system, which improves the convenience and safety of driving. In addition, Xingrui is also equipped with USB and Type-C interfaces. There are two USB interfaces in the front row and a Type-C interface in the back row, which is convenient for passengers to charge and connect devices. The seat is made of imitation leather. The main seat has the functions of front and rear, backrest and height adjustment, while the co-pilot seat also has the functions of front and rear and backrest adjustment, providing good support and comfort. At the same time, the rear seats also support proportional reclining, which increases the flexibility of storage space.

Xingrui is equipped with a 1.5t L4 engine with 181 horsepower, with a maximum power of 133kW and a maximum torque of 290 N m.. With the 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox, the vehicle performs well in power output and ride comfort.

Car home car owners’ evaluation of Xingrui is: "The streamlined body and bright black car paint are of high-end atmosphere, low-key luxury and connotation".

1905 movie network news On August 23rd, it was released in mainland China. As the latest sequel of Matt Damon’s return to the role of agent jason bourne, countless eagerly awaited fans finally waited for welfare and could not wait to go to the cinema to see the male god. However, the feedback from fans made people stunned.

Many netizens said that "Bourne ultimatum 5" has been vomited.

The movie "Bourne ultimatum 5" has a poor viewing effect after being transformed for 3 days.

In order to increase the ticket price and profit from it, the film "Bourne ultimatum 5" was converted into 3D and IMAX 3D versions by the importing producers, and it was "specially offered" to mainland fans. The fans who came back after brushing the film said that they felt uncomfortable when watching it, and they were easy to feel dizzy or even vomit, and even directly reminded everyone with the vegetable head that "Don’t watch" Bourne ultimatum 5 "and watch 2D if possible." 、"boycott the 3 d version of bourne ultimatum 5." Subtitles are ghosted, the picture is dark, and the lens is dizzy. How can such Bourne ultimatum 5 arouse people’s interest?

The 3D transformation of Bourne ultimatum 5 caused controversy.

Bourne ultimatum 5 itself is a 2D version, and the protagonist jason bourne has been fleeing on the road since he lost his memory. There have been a lot of close combat scenes and sports scenes taken by hand-held cameras in other films, and the documentary style is very realistic, which is also a major feature of this series.

However, paul greengrass, the director, is unique, with distinctive personal style, rough painting style, gloomy and gloomy tones and night scene action scenes everywhere. Forcibly converting such a work with greengrass’s personal aesthetics into 3D not only greatly reduces the movie viewing experience, but also destroys the most important spiritual core of a film work, and also damages the style display.

Some netizens revealed that "the picture is even darker after wearing glasses, and the night scene is a mess, which greatly reduces the action scene of this film again." For fans who have been waiting for this series for many years, this is obviously too disappointing.

The phenomenon of "Special 3D" in China didn’t start from Bourne ultimatum 5. When it was mentioned, everyone would think that it contained the meaning of "special production" and should be pleasantly surprised. But now the inferior effect of "Special 3D" can only bring "shock" to the audience. The 3D version of the film is expensive to make, but the 3D conversion fee is relatively low. The importers are tempted by the box office benefits, so they begin to convert to 3D one after another.

The 3D version of roland emmerich, the master of disaster films, was once accused of being a money-making product. It is said that most of the production teams that converted to the 3D version were Chinese teams, and they chose to change the version under the condition of immature technology, which was criticized by many parties. In 2014, Depp’s starring and remake were all 2D versions in other parts of the world. However, they were promoted to 3D movies when they were introduced to the mainland of China, but the result of forcibly transforming into 3D movies was bleak at the box office.

There is no difference between the 2D version and the 3D version. For the film, the texture of the story and the drama itself is the essence. At present, the film market in China has begun to calm down, and our audience will no longer flock to the 3D film, and they will have more and more insights and understanding of the film. The dizzy disadvantage of pseudo-"3D" can really be "destroyed".

　　　　[XCAR original test]

　　　　It seems that the domestic market of seven SUVs in the past few years is really lacking, because Toyota Highlander seems to occupy a dominant position in this market segment for a long time. The reason for this is actually very simple. Except for Highlander, all seven SUVs in the domestic consumer market are imported by vehicle, which does not pose a direct threat to the domestic Highlander in terms of after-sales maintenance and price.

　　　　However, this year, international manufacturers such as Ford and Nissan have taken advantage of the opportunity of model change to introduce products with good reputation in the international market into localization, intending to break the monopoly of Highlander in the seven SUV markets.

　　　　A few months ago, our colleague Zhou Ao took the lead in experiencing the configuration and driving experience of the Ford Sharp 2.7T model, and the fuel economy that consumers are most concerned about in their daily vehicles naturally needs to pass the X Ring 24-hour fuel consumption test.

　　　　The model selected for this X Ring 24-hour fuel consumption test is the 2015 Ford Sharp 2.7T GTDI four-wheel drive Zunrui model with a guiding price of 429,800 yuan, with a curb weight of 2150kg and a fuel tank volume of 70L.

　　　　During the fuel consumption test, two adult men were in the car for most of the time, and the total weight was about 170kg. After counting the supplies (including water and food, photography, camera equipment, etc.) carried in the car, the mass of the whole car almost reached 2.4 tons.

　　　　Same as the previous X Ring fuel consumption test, our test route still chooses the main road of the fourth ring and inner ring, and the test time is from 8:00 am on the first day to 8:00 am on the next day. During the period, the driver is rotated to drive continuously. During the whole test, the vehicle speed was kept within 80km/h (including 80km/h) according to the traffic regulations. After the test, the average fuel consumption per 100 kilometers was calculated by the fuel consumption of the vehicle.

　　　　The test vehicle is equipped with a 2.7T V6 engine, which was first used on domestic models. The maximum power is 242kW/5500rpm and the maximum torque is 475Nm/2500-4500rpm. It is matched with the 6-speed SelectShift automatic manual transmission commonly used on Ford models. The vehicle adopts a load-bearing body structure, uses a combination of front McPherson independent suspension/rear multi-link independent suspension, and has an AWD intelligent four-wheel drive system. It aims to improve the handling of vehicles and the ability to get rid of difficulties on unpaved roads.

　　CCTV News:On the Syrian issue, Turkey has always cooperated closely with Russia and Iran. However, just after the United States, Britain and France launched military strikes against targets in Syria, Turkey issued a statement saying that it publicly supported the three countries’ actions against Syria. Turkey, together with Russia and Iran, participated in solving the Syrian issue, and at the same time publicly supported the military attack on Syria by the United States, Britain and France. What is Turkey’s position?

　　Shortly after the United States, Britain and France jointly attacked Syria, the Turkish Foreign Ministry issued a statement expressing its support for the military action of the United States, Britain and France, saying that the action was an appropriate response to the suspected chemical attack in Duma. However, on the 4th of this month, Turkey, together with Russia and Iran, held a tripartite summit in Ankara, Turkey, to discuss the Syrian process.

　　To Turkish political analysts, this seemingly inconsistent statement actually reflects Turkey’s search for a balance of interests between Russia and the United States.

　　On the Syrian issue, although Turkey participated in the settlement together with Russia and Iran, there are obvious differences between Turkey and Russia and Iran on the Syrian Kurdish issue and its support for the Bashar regime. On the other hand, in the relationship with the United States, Turkey and the United States also hold different positions on combating Kurdish armed forces.

　　However, as a member of NATO, Turkey will not completely give up its cooperation with the United States on the issue of combating Kurdish armed forces, which it is most concerned about.

　　Hassan Kony, a professor of international relations at Istanbul University of Culture, said that it must be realized that the Kurdish issue is the really important issue for Turkey. On the other hand, the United States opposes Bashar’s continued power, so Turkey and the United States also share some common interests.

　　However, experts also pointed out that although maintaining a balance between the United States and Russia is more in line with Turkey’s political interests at present, the geopolitical situation has become very complicated with the intervention of multinational forces in Syria. In this context, Turkey will also face greater political risks.

　　Hassan Kony, a professor of international relations at Istanbul University of Culture, said that it is a very unstable situation and an uncertain balance. One wrong step will lead to big trouble, so this is not a real balance.

CCTV News:These more than a dozen wild Asian elephants who walked out of the jungle and migrated northward not only aroused Chinese’s curiosity and concern, but also attracted many international media. Their stories, along with their footsteps, broke the restrictions of language and national boundaries and appeared in the pages of foreign mainstream media.

Associated Press: China elephants become international stars.

In the past few days, the international media have shown great enthusiasm for the journey of these elephants. Washington post said: Elephants walked 300 miles in China and headed for the city. The headline of National Public Radio (NPR) is: The elephant walked hundreds of miles and then arrived in a city in China. No one knows why. An Associated Press report even compared the elephants to "international stars".

Japanese media sent a team of journalists in China to track and report the elephants on the spot.

Among them, Japan’s TBS TV station also produced a 30-minute album for this elephant group in the large-scale live broadcast program "Interesting Talk at Noon". With the progress of elephants, Japanese media have also sent teams of journalists in China to track and report the rare wild elephants in Japan.

Japan Asahi TV reporter:It is said that elephants are now in the mountains, so we have come here, and there are villages nearby. The local government has taken various measures to prevent elephants from entering densely populated areas.

Asahi TV reporter:There is a checkpoint in front, because there are elephants in it, so we can’t go any further now.

Through these on-the-spot tracking interviews on elephant migration, the efforts made by the China government and local people to protect elephants and ensure that people and elephants live in peace have also been objectively reported by the international media.

Many mainstream media in the United States and Europe, including the British Guardian and CNN, have noticed that in order to cope with the migration of wild elephants that look cute but are actually dangerous, and ensure the safety of human elephants, the China government mobilized emergency teams, used drones and infrared cameras to track the movements of elephants and evacuated residents in time. In order to guide the elephants away from the city, the staff prepared enough food to attract elephants and blocked the road with vehicles in advance.

Foreign netizens have commented on China’s practices.

Under the video of the elephant group, foreign netizens also commented on China’s practice. Some netizens said: "The development of this matter for so long just proves people’s patience. Other countries may simply anesthetize them and move them back to the jungle. " Some netizens also said: "I am very happy to see that the way the government treats them is full of respect. I hope they can finally find a safe place with enough food and water to settle down. 70% of wild animals have become extinct in the past 50 years. We must do our best to save these animals. Every animal is precious. "

In addition, The New York Times, Reuters, The Guardian, Associated Press and other media all mentioned that the population of wild elephants in China has increased from 170 in the 1970s to more than 300 now. This is an effective proof of China’s protection of natural environment and wildlife.

Dear riders, today we will bring you a super-burning off-road "artifact"-Warrior 917! It is simply a bright star in the cross-country world, and it has its own aura as soon as it comes out.

Appearance: the lion awakens, domineering and unstoppable.

The appearance of Warrior 917 was carefully created by more than 50 design masters, and it has been carved by more than 500 days and nights. The front face is like "lion awakening in the east", and the trapezoidal grille exudes an ancient and majestic atmosphere. Headlights, like sharp swords, cut through the darkness ahead; The taillight is straight into the sky, as if to announce its domineering to the world. The body lines are extremely tough, and when it gallops, the strong wind seems to be telling the lofty aspirations of off-road. The design of combining rigidity and softness makes it unique in toughness and interpretation of off-road spirit to the extreme!

Interior: luxury feast, Chinese aesthetics

As soon as you get into the car, you will be shocked by its luxurious configuration. Wan Li Jiangshan as the theme of the interior, solid wood decoration is like a flowing picture of mountains and rivers. Beacon-style air conditioning outlet is simple and practical. The armrest is like a pistol ready to go, and the shift handle is like a future aircraft, which gives you a feeling of being in control in an instant. General’s seat is square and noble, made of Nappa leather perforated material, which is safe and comfortable. The layout of the central axis is majestic, inheriting the traditional symmetrical aesthetics and showing the Chinese style. Qualcomm 8155 platform realizes five-screen interaction with rich information and convenient operation. Far-infrared night vision and other systems, so that your vision has no boundaries. Intelligent fragrance and Dana audio will make you enjoy a good time during driving. There is also the cool Oriental Hawkeye UAV system, which can help you survey the road; 6kW reverse power supply allows you to use electricity outdoors without worry. This "black technology" is really awesome!

Motivation: the beast growls and has unlimited passion.

Start the extended range version of Warrior 917, the three motors +1.5T range extender roared instantly, and 816 horsepower seemed to awaken a sleeping beast. It takes only 6 seconds to accelerate, and the feeling of boiling blood can only be known by personal experience. On unpaved roads, its power is endless, and climbing over the ridge is as easy as walking on a flat road.

Chassis: solid and reliable, with first-class control.

Its chassis technology is even more awesome. The front and rear double wishbone independent suspension with the same military vehicle technology is as strong as a steel fortress with a non-load-bearing body. CDC damping control and "magic carpet" technology make you stable on bumpy roads. VMC chassis domain control can customize driving experience. There are also three electronically controlled differential locks, no matter how rugged the road is, it can’t stop its progress. The steering of AKC rear wheel is controlled by wire, realizing the "crab walking" mode, and the off-road "drift" is not to mention, which is smart and free. Five off-road modes+intelligent AUTO, plus infrared detection, can make intelligent decisions and adjust accurately. Driving in the mud is as steady as an old dog, and the wading depth can reach 900mm, which is safe and worry-free.

Warrior 917 is such a magic car that combines rigidity and flexibility, and it can be called the peak of cross-country in China. Riders, are you already excited? Come and conquer the unknown journey with Warrior 917 and feel the unprecedented new cross-country experience! See you next time, more exciting waiting for you!

　　On March 30th, the seven departments jointly held a video teleconference on the 2018 national agricultural anti-counterfeiting special action, summed up the work in 2017 and the past five years, and deployed the key work of agricultural anti-counterfeiting in 2018.

　　Among these seven departments, there is the State Administration of Market Supervision established in accordance with the Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions.

　　According to industry experts interviewed by the reporter of Legal Daily, the establishment of the State Administration of Market Supervision means that the supervision of the market has entered a new stage.

　　It is not a simple merger between institutions.

　　The Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions points out that reforming the market supervision system and implementing unified market supervision are the key links to establish a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern market system. In order to improve the market supervision system, promote the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country by quality, create an honest and trustworthy market environment, further promote the comprehensive law enforcement of market supervision, strengthen the supervision of product quality and safety, and make the people feel at ease in buying, using and eating, the responsibilities of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, and china food and drug administration, The responsibilities of price supervision and inspection and anti-monopoly law enforcement of the National Development and Reform Commission, centralized anti-monopoly law enforcement of the operators of the Ministry of Commerce and the office of the the State Council Anti-monopoly Committee were integrated, and the State Administration of Market Supervision was established as a directly affiliated institution of the State Council.

　　"Before the reform of the party and state institutions, the functions of market supervision and management were scattered in different departments, resulting in a so-called ‘ Jiulong Water Control ’ Phenomenon. To use a common saying that people are familiar with, it is ‘ Seven or eight big caps can’t control a broken straw hat ’ . Although several departments perform their respective duties, they can’t hold a fist in market supervision, which wastes human and material resources to a certain extent and can’t supervise the market effectively and efficiently. At the same time, this has also led to food and drug fraud, illegal business operations of small business hawkers and other violations of the rights and interests of the people. " Wang Yukai, a professor at the National School of Administration, said.

　　The establishment of the State Administration of Market Supervision is considered to be an effective solution to the problem of "water control in Kowloon".

　　"However, it needs to be clear that the establishment of the State Administration of Market Supervision is not a simple combination between departments, but on the basis of following market rules, it breaks down the barriers between departments in the past and regroups the functions and businesses of various departments." Wang Yukai said.

　　Wang Jingbo, dean of the Institute of Government under the Rule of Law of China University of Political Science and Law, also believes that the establishment of the State Administration of Market Supervision is to realize the reconstruction, integration and convergence of "you have me and I have you" among different departments.

　　Form a comprehensive law enforcement team

　　With regard to the responsibilities of the State Administration of Market Supervision, the Plan for Deepening the Reform of the Party and State Institutions stipulates that it is responsible for comprehensive market supervision and management, uniformly registering market entities and establishing information publicity and sharing mechanisms, organizing comprehensive law enforcement of market supervision, undertaking unified anti-monopoly law enforcement, standardizing and maintaining market order, organizing the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country by quality, supervising the quality and safety of industrial products, food safety and special equipment safety, and uniformly managing measurement standards, inspection and testing, certification and accreditation, etc.

　　Among these responsibilities, "organizing comprehensive law enforcement of market supervision" has attracted people’s attention.

　　"Comprehensive law enforcement has many meanings, both centralized and multi-departmental. The integration of departmental law enforcement teams is mainly reflected in the integration and change of administrative management. This kind of reform and adjustment has many positive meanings and highlights different from the past. For example, improve the supervision efficiency in various fields, bridge the original separation between departments, adapt to the staged expectations of economic development, and adapt to the development needs of the new economy. It can be said that this reform is based on the principle of simplification, unification and efficiency, and it is a whole-process, full-chain supervision mechanism and system that has been redefined and constructed. This reform direction is in line with the people’s hearts and is completely correct. " Wang Jingbo said.

　　"In the past, as long as each department had functions related to market supervision, it would set up its own law enforcement team. For example, the quality supervision department has the law enforcement team of the quality supervision department, the industrial and commercial department has the law enforcement team of the industrial and commercial department, and the food and drug supervision department also has the law enforcement team of the food and drug supervision department. Now it is different. A large overall market supervision pattern is taking shape, and the law enforcement team will be reorganized and integrated to adapt to the overall market supervision pattern. It is foreseeable that in the future, several new and comprehensive law enforcement teams will be re-planned, which can avoid the confusion of law enforcement and the lack of purpose caused by each management. " Wang Yukai said.

　　Wang Yukai told the "Legal Daily" reporter that after the establishment of the State Administration of Market Supervision, the construction and optimization of the law enforcement team will be greatly strengthened, which is of great benefit to realizing the market supervision function, maintaining the socialist market economic order, protecting the rights and interests of ordinary people from infringement, and cracking down on fraud and counterfeiting.

　　The regulatory capacity has been greatly improved.

　　The establishment of the State Administration of Market Supervision is undoubtedly a great change in market supervision, and a brand-new market supervision system is ready to emerge.

　　"In the past, decentralized supervision of various departments has now become unified centralized supervision. Under the new supervision pattern, we can form a very good institutional model in organizing market supervision and promoting comprehensive law enforcement, and truly avoid problems such as decentralized governance and overlapping functions, so that market supervision departments can better serve the people. This is also the purpose and significance of the reform of the party and state institutions. " Wang Yukai said.

　　"The previous supervision method was fragmented. After the establishment of the State Administration of Market Supervision, the supervision has the ability to integrate. Especially with the development of science and technology, technologies such as big data have been fully applied, and many information barriers have naturally been opened. Under this new regulatory pattern, the regulatory capacity will definitely be greatly improved. " Wang Jingbo said.

　　Wang Yukai told reporters: "Previously, many places have integrated the departments related to market supervision. It can be said that the establishment of the State Administration of Market Supervision is natural and natural, which is of great significance to the long-term healthy development of China’s future market supervision pattern and market economic order. "

　　"After the establishment of the State Administration of Market Supervision, the supervision of the market will be strengthened. With the strengthening of this supervision, the guarantee and expectation of product quality will be higher. The higher the quality of products, the people can buy and use with confidence. In this way, we can enter a virtuous circle process, and also promote market competition more effectively, thus bringing more vitality and benefits to the long-term, sustained and healthy development of the economy and society. In addition, higher efficiency and lower administrative costs have always been the goal of government reform. Therefore, the establishment of the State Administration of Market Supervision is of great benefit to improving market order and improving people’s lives. " Wang Jingbo said.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 9-Zhou Qiang, President of the Supreme People’s Court delivered a report on the work of the Supreme People’s Court to the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress on the afternoon of the 9th. The summary is as follows:

　　In the five years since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the Supreme People’s Court adhered to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implemented the spirit of the 18th and 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, faithfully performed the duties entrusted by the Constitution and laws, closely focused on the working goal of "making people feel fair and just in every judicial case", adhered to the principle of justice for the people and justice, and constantly improved the quality and efficiency of trials, the quality and ability of the team and the judicial credibility. From 2013 to 2017, the Supreme People’s Court accepted 82,383 cases, and concluded 79,692 cases, up by 60.6% and 58.8% respectively over the previous five years, formulated 119 judicial interpretations, issued 80 guiding cases, and strengthened supervision and guidance on the trial work of courts across the country. Local people’s courts at all levels accepted 88.967 million cases, concluded and executed 85.984 million cases, and the amount of closed cases was 20.

　　一、认真贯彻总体国家安全观，深入推进平安中国建设

　　各级法院依法惩治刑事犯罪，审结一审刑事案件548.9万件，判处罪犯607万人。

　　严惩危害国家安全、暴力恐怖等犯罪。加大反恐怖反分裂反邪教斗争力度，依法严惩煽动分裂国家、颠覆国家政权等犯罪。会同有关部门出台办理暴力恐怖和宗教极端刑事案件意见，依法严惩天安门“10·28”、昆明“3·01”等暴恐犯罪。

　　严惩贪污贿赂犯罪。对腐败犯罪始终保持高压态势，健全职务犯罪案件审判机制。会同最高人民检察院制定办理贪污贿赂案件司法解释，审结贪污贿赂等案件19.5万件26.3万人，其中，被告人原为省部级以上干部101人，厅局级干部810人。依法审理周永康、薄熙来、郭伯雄、令计划、苏荣等重大职务犯罪案件，在白恩培案中首次依法适用终身监禁。依法惩治行贿犯罪，判处罪犯1.3万人。依法审理贪污扶贫款、农资补贴等犯罪案件。完善犯罪嫌疑人、被告人逃匿、死亡案件违法所得没收程序，依法审理任润厚等案件。依法审理“红通1号”杨秀珠等案件。

　　Severely punish crimes that seriously endanger people’s lives and property. We formulated judicial interpretations for handling criminal cases such as theft, extortion, looting and robbery, concluded 1.315 million related cases and sentenced 1.538 million criminals. Severely crack down on crimes committed by evil forces, and conclude cases in which 36 people, including Liu Han and Liu Wei, organized, led and participated in underworld organizations according to law. Severely punish major accidents, dangerous driving and other crimes that endanger public safety, and conclude 1.271 million related cases. Actively participated in the anti-drug struggle and concluded 571,000 drug-related criminal cases. In conjunction with relevant departments, we will issue opinions on maintaining normal medical order and punish crimes of violent medical injuries according to law. In conjunction with relevant departments, they issued opinions on handling pyramid schemes and concluded 282,000 cases of economic crimes such as pyramid schemes and illegal business operations.

　　Severely punish crimes against the rights and interests of women and children. In conjunction with relevant departments, we issued guidance, resolutely punished violence, abuse and sexual assault against women and children, and concluded 131,000 related cases. We formulated judicial interpretations for the trial of cases of trafficking in women and children, and concluded 4,685 cases of trafficking in women and children. In conjunction with the Ministry of Education, opinions on prevention and control of school bullying were issued.

　　Severely punish crimes that endanger food and drug safety and pollute the environment. We intensified punishment for crimes endangering food and drug safety, and courts at all levels concluded 42,000 related cases. We formulated judicial interpretations for handling criminal cases of environmental pollution, severely punished environmental pollution crimes according to law, and concluded 88,000 related cases.

　　Severely punish telecommunication network crimes. In conjunction with relevant departments, we will issue opinions on handling cybercrime cases, punish online rumors, disseminate obscene articles and other crimes according to law, and try cases such as "fast broadcast" companies spreading obscene articles for profit according to law. Resolutely crack down on telecommunication network fraud, issue applicable legal opinions together with the Ministry of Public Security and other departments, and conclude 11,000 cases of Xu Yuyu being defrauded. Judicial interpretations on cases of infringing citizens’ personal information were issued, and criminal acts such as revealing personal information and illegally buying and selling information were severely punished.

　　Actively participate in the comprehensive management of social security. Timely put forward judicial suggestions to promote the prevention and control of social risks. Conscientiously implement the responsibility system for popularizing the law and strengthen the interpretation of the law by case.

　　Second, adhere to strict and fair justice and strengthen judicial protection of human rights.

　　Resolutely correct and prevent unjust, false and misjudged cases. We strengthened trial supervision, retried 6,747 criminal cases, among which 39 cases with 78 people were corrected according to law, such as Hugjiler pattern and Nie Shubin case, and the state compensated them according to law. We issued guidance on preventing criminal wrongs and wrongs, implemented the principles of legally prescribed punishment for a crime, judging by evidence and never suspecting a crime, and acquitted 2,943 defendants in public prosecution cases and 1,931 defendants in private prosecution cases according to law.

　　Improve judicial safeguards for human rights. According to the law, 31,527 criminals were pardoned. We will implement litigation systems such as public trials and court debates, and effectively protect the litigation rights of the parties. Carry out the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity. Strictly control the quality of death penalty cases and ensure that the death penalty is only applicable to a very small number of criminals with extremely serious crimes. Jointly with the Ministry of Justice, we launched a pilot project of full coverage of lawyers’ defense in criminal cases and carried out the work of lawyers on duty in legal aid. We strengthened the trial of cases involving minors, and the number of juvenile criminal cases decreased for five consecutive years. Opinions on strengthening judicial assistance were issued, and 2.67 billion yuan of judicial assistance was issued.

　　Standardize commutation, parole and temporary execution outside prison. Formulate judicial interpretations for the trial of commutation and parole cases, build a unified information-based handling platform for commutation and parole with relevant departments, and try related cases openly and fairly according to law. A comprehensive inspection of criminals temporarily executed outside prison was carried out, and it was decided to put 6,470 people in prison for execution.

　　Third, thoroughly implement the new development concept and serve to ensure sustained and healthy economic and social development.

　　Structural reform of service supply side. Courts at all levels concluded 16.438 million commercial cases of first instance, up 53.9% year-on-year. Actively carry out bankruptcy trials, properly dispose of "zombie enterprises" according to law, and conclude 12,000 bankruptcy cases. Formulate judicial interpretation of company law. 4.106 million cases of sales contracts were concluded. 1.321 million cases of real estate disputes were concluded.

　　Major strategy of serving economic development. Sixteen measures were introduced to provide judicial protection for Chinese enterprises to participate in overseas trade and investment, and to serve the construction of the "Belt and Road".

　　Prevent and resolve financial risks according to law. Opinions on strengthening financial trials were issued, and 5.03 million cases of loans, insurance and securities were concluded. 7.059 million cases of private lending were concluded. 152,000 Internet finance cases were concluded. Severely punish financial crimes such as illegal fund-raising and insider trading.

　　Strengthen the judicial protection of property rights. We issued 17 opinions on strengthening judicial protection of property rights, tried all kinds of cases involving property rights according to law, resolutely corrected cases involving property rights wrongs, and equally protected the legitimate rights and interests of all kinds of market entities. Properly handle historical property rights cases, the Supreme People’s Court decided to retry three major property rights cases. Opinions on improving the business environment and protecting the non-public economy equally were issued, and 10 specific measures were formulated to ensure entrepreneurs’ innovation and entrepreneurship.

　　Service innovation drives development. The Outline of Judicial Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in China was issued, and courts at all levels concluded 683,000 cases of intellectual property rights in the first instance.

　　Serve the construction of beautiful China. We issued opinions on providing judicial protection for the construction of ecological civilization and green development in the Yangtze River basin, formulated judicial interpretations such as environmental public interest litigation, and concluded 487,000 environmental civil cases. In accordance with the law, 11,000 cases of compensation for ecological environmental damage, 1,383 cases of environmental public interest litigation initiated by procuratorial organs and 252 cases of environmental public interest litigation initiated by social organizations were tried.

　　A new pattern of comprehensive opening of services. 75,000 foreign-related civil and commercial cases were concluded, and the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese and foreign parties were equally protected. Improve the judicial review procedure of arbitration. 72,000 maritime cases of first instance were concluded. Handled 15,000 cases of international judicial assistance.

　　Four, adhere to the people-centered development thought, and strive to meet the people’s growing demand for pluralistic justice.

　　Properly handle cases involving people’s livelihood. Courts at all levels concluded 31.397 million civil cases of first instance, up 54.1% year-on-year. Formulated judicial interpretations on labor disputes, food and drug disputes, and protection of consumers’ rights and interests, and concluded 2.325 million related cases. Clarify the standards for determining work-related injuries and protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers. Punish malicious wage arrears according to law and recover "hard-earned money" of 29.44 billion yuan for migrant workers. Properly handle 1.261 million cases involving "separation of powers" and land acquisition compensation in contracted land.

　　Maintain the harmony and stability of marriage and family. The Supreme People’s Court, together with the All-China Women’s Federation and other 14 units, established a joint conference system for family trial reform, and carried out pilot reforms of family trial methods in 118 courts in Shanxi, Jiangsu, Guizhou and Xinjiang. Recover alimony for the elderly according to law, and conclude 126,000 related cases. Formulate a judicial interpretation of the trial of husband and wife debt disputes, and clarify the criteria for determining the joint debt of husband and wife. The anti-domestic violence law was fully implemented and 2,154 personal safety protection orders were issued. 8.546 million marriage and family cases were concluded.

　　Properly resolve administrative disputes. Courts at all levels concluded 913,000 administrative cases of first instance, up 46.2% year-on-year. Support the reform of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" through judicial review. Properly handle cases such as land acquisition and demolition. Cooperate with the promotion of the person in charge of the administrative organ to appear in court and respond to the lawsuit, and promote the substantive settlement of administrative disputes.

　　Strive to facilitate mass litigation. 86% of the courts in China have set up information litigation service halls. The majority of judges went deep into the fields and grassland forests to resolve disputes on the spot. Formulate regulations to protect lawyers’ practice rights, and establish a lawyer service platform to facilitate lawyers to participate in litigation. Make full use of the national court remote video interview system and the online complaint and petition platform to facilitate the masses to express their demands according to law. 1.99 billion yuan in legal fees for the parties.

　　Protect the legitimate rights and interests of compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and returned overseas Chinese. 81,000 cases involving Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas Chinese were concluded, and 58,000 cases involving Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan were handled. Sign two arrangements, namely, mutual recognition between the Mainland and Hong Kong and execution of civil judgments on marriage and family. Four judicial interpretations and documents were issued, including the provision for mainland residents serving sentences in Taiwan Province to return to the mainland to serve their sentences.

　　Strengthen the work of safeguarding rights related to the military. Opinions on safeguarding national defense interests and the legitimate rights and interests of military families were issued. Military courts and local courts tried 6,491 cases of destroying military facilities and military marriages, and properly tried cases of the PLA and the Armed Police Force completely stopping paid services.

　　Vigorously carry forward the socialist core values. The judicial interpretation of medical damage liability disputes was introduced. Trial of a series of cases of infringement of the reputation right of "Five Strong Men of Langyashan" according to law. According to the law, "the case of discouraging smoking in the doctor’s elevator" and "the case of Zhu Zhenbiao chasing the traffic accident escaper" will be tried, and the rules of conduct will be established by fair judgment to lead the social fashion.

　　V. Overcoming difficulties and making significant progress in "basically solving implementation difficulties"

　　Courts at all levels accepted 22.246 million enforcement cases, and executed 21 million cases, with an amount of 7 trillion yuan, up 82.4%, 74.4% and 164.1% respectively.

　　Promote the formation of a difficult work pattern for comprehensive management implementation. In March 2016, "it will take two to three years to basically solve the implementation difficulties" in the national courts. Local party and government organs at all levels generally incorporate solving implementation difficulties into the key work of rule of law construction, effectively forming a joint effort to solve implementation difficulties.

　　Effectively solve the problem of finding people, finding things and realizing property. Established a network execution inspection and control system with more than 10 units including the Ministry of Public Security and the China Banking Regulatory Commission, with a total of 39.1 million cases inquired and 202.07 billion yuan frozen. A national unified online judicial auction platform was established. Since it was launched in March 2017, a total of 369,000 online auctions have been conducted, with a turnover of 254.53 billion yuan and a premium rate of 52%, saving the parties 7.8 billion yuan in commission.

　　Continuously improve the implementation management system and mechanism. In Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places, pilot reforms were carried out to separate judicial power from executive power. The execution command center was established, and the information management of the whole execution case was carried out. The execution command system of the four-level court was basically completed. Formulate 15 judicial interpretations such as property preservation and 33 guiding documents such as "Ten Prohibitions" to standardize execution behavior.

　　Strongly implement joint credit punishment. Establish a list system of people who have lost their trust, and build a credit punishment network in conjunction with more than 60 units including the National Development and Reform Commission. Courts across the country have publicized 9.961 million people’s information about people who have lost their trust, restricted 10.148 million people to buy air tickets, restricted 3.912 million people to take motor trains and high-speed trains, and 2.215 million people took the initiative to fulfill their obligations because of credit punishment; The punishment for resisting execution was intensified, and 9,824 criminals were sentenced for refusing to execute judgments and rulings.

　　Six, deepen the reform of the judicial system, and promote the modernization of the trial system and trial capacity.

　　The 18 reform tasks led by the Supreme People’s Court have been completed, and 65 reform measures put forward by the people’s court reform opinions have been comprehensively pushed forward.

　　Deepen the reform of the court organization system. The Supreme People’s Court has established six circuit courts. In 2017, the circuit court concluded 12,000 cases, accounting for 47% of the total number of cases handled in the Supreme People’s Court. The circuit court received 46,000 people’s visits, and the total number of visits received by the headquarters in the Supreme People’s Court decreased by 33.2%. Promote the construction of courts across administrative divisions. Set up intellectual property courts in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou and 15 intellectual property courts in Tianjin, Nanjing and Wuhan.

　　We will fully implement the reform of the registration system. From May 1, 2015, the registration system was fully implemented, and the registration rate on the spot exceeded 95%. Strengthen supervision. Punish false litigation according to law. Piloting cross-domain filing in courts such as Fujian and Ningxia.

　　Comprehensively promote basic reforms such as the judicial responsibility system. The national courts selected 120,138 post judges from 211,990 judges, among which the Supreme People’s Court selected 367 post judges. Actively carry out the reform of the job sequence of judge assistants and clerks, and realize that more than 85% of the personnel are concentrated in the front line of handling cases. We will improve the responsibility system for handling cases by judges and collegiate panels, and reform the operational mechanism of trial power, so that judges will be responsible for the quality of handling cases for life. Improve the guarantee mechanism for judicial personnel to perform their duties according to law. Promote the reform of provincial-level unified management of people and property.

　　Actively promote the reform of the criminal procedure system centered on trial. In conjunction with relevant departments, reform opinions were issued, and three rules, namely, pre-trial meeting, exclusion of illegal evidence and court investigation, were tried out in national courts to promote the substantive trial.

　　Promote diversified solutions to contradictions and disputes and the diversion of complicated cases. Strengthen the docking of litigation and mediation and give full play to the role of people’s mediation. Jointly with the Ministry of Justice, we will carry out pilot projects of lawyer mediation and improve the lawyer mediation system. Courts at all levels handled 13.961 million cases through mediation. Establish a national court online mediation platform to resolve disputes in a timely and convenient manner. Guiding opinions on the diversion of complexity and simplification were issued, and 32.416 million cases were concluded by grass-roots courts across the country by applying summary procedures and small claims procedures. Under the authorization of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), the pilot reform of the system of quick criminal adjudication and leniency in confession and punishment was carried out in 18 areas, including Shenyang, Changsha and Xi ‘an.

　　Promote the reform of the people’s jury system. Authorized by the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), the people’s jury system was piloted in 50 courts in Heilongjiang, Guangxi and Chongqing. We improved the jury participation mechanism, and jurors participated in 12.957 million cases nationwide.

　　Seven, further promote the construction of smart courts, open, dynamic, transparent and convenient sunshine judicial mechanism has basically taken shape.

　　Significant progress has been made in judicial openness. Open four public platforms: trial process, trial activities, judgment documents and execution information. As of the end of February this year, 646,000 court trials were broadcast live on the China Court Trial Open Network, with a viewing volume of 4.85 billion; China Judgment Document Network published 42.783 million documents, with 13.34 billion visitors, covering more than 210 countries and regions, making it the world’s largest judgment document resource library.

　　Informatization construction realizes leap-forward development. The wisdom court was initially formed. 3525 courts and 10759 people’s courts across the country have realized "one network" to handle cases. Through electronic litigation, 12368 litigation service hotline and other information means, reduce mass travel, save litigation costs, and promote energy conservation and emission reduction.

　　Big data applications continue to advance. Build a big data management and service platform for people’s courts. Promote the research and development of artificial intelligence in the field of trial. In Jilin, Zhejiang, Hainan and other 14 provinces and cities, the pilot reform of "online data integration processing" for road traffic accident damage compensation disputes was carried out. Set up the world’s first Internet court in Hangzhou, Zhejiang.

　　Eight, adhere to the comprehensive and strict management of the party and the hospital, and build a loyal and clean team of people’s courts.

　　Taking the "five excellent" requirements put forward by the Supreme Leader General Secretary as the goal, we will vigorously strengthen the team building of the people’s courts and effectively improve the level of regularization, specialization and professionalism.

　　Strengthen political construction. Resolutely safeguard the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core. Strengthen the party building in the people’s courts, be serious about the political life within the party, and promote the trial with the party building leading the team. Seriously accept the central inspection and pay close attention to the implementation of rectification. The vast number of police officers worked tirelessly and selflessly, and 85 judges broke down from overwork or suffered violent injuries and died in the line of duty.

　　Strengthen judicial capacity building. Courts at all levels have trained 2.416 million police officers. Train bilingual judges to protect the litigation rights of ethnic minorities. We will increase assistance to courts in Tibet, Xinjiang and Tibetan areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces.

　　Resolutely punish judicial corruption with a zero tolerance attitude. Courts at all levels investigated and dealt with 1,011 police officers who violated the spirit of the eight central regulations, and seriously held accountable 1,762 court leading cadres who failed to perform their duties. We will continue to improve the judicial style and prevent the "four winds" issue from rebounding. Strengthen warning education and draw profound lessons from Xi Xiaoming and other cases of violating discipline and law. The Supreme People’s Court investigated and dealt with 53 police officers who violated discipline and law in our hospital, and courts at all levels investigated and dealt with 3,338 police officers who used the power of trial execution, of which 531 were transferred to judicial organs for handling.

　　Nine, consciously accept supervision, and constantly improve the work of the people’s court.

　　Consciously accept the supervision of the NPC. The Supreme People’s Court conscientiously implemented the opinions and suggestions put forward by the deputies at the successive sessions of the 12th National People’s Congress. Report to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) on comprehensively deepening judicial reform, deepening judicial openness and standardizing judicial behavior. We handled 1,381 suggestions from deputies, and listened to 4,530 opinions from deputies by attending court hearings and holding symposiums.

　　Seriously accept democratic supervision. Actively participate in Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference special consultation and other activities. Visited and received 620 CPPCC members, and handled 539 CPPCC proposals.

　　Accept the litigation supervision of procuratorial organs according to law. In conjunction with the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, we will formulate regulations on legal supervision of death penalty review and civil execution, and try protest cases filed by procuratorial organs according to law.

　　Widely accept social supervision. Carry out 360 activities such as special supervisors and special consultants’ research and discussion, and attend the audit Committee as nonvoting delegates. Through the "Dean’s Mailbox" and other platforms, the communication channels of public opinion will be unblocked. Held 117 press conferences and took the initiative to accept public opinion supervision.

　　The achievement of these achievements lies in the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the scientific guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and the leadership of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader as the core of the CPC Central Committee and the whole party.

　　There are still many problems and difficulties in the work of the people’s courts: First, there is still a big gap between the judicial concept, judicial ability and working mechanism and the development of the new era and the needs of the people. Second, the reform of the judicial system still needs to be further deepened. Third, there are still weak links in grass-roots infrastructure construction, and grass-roots judicial ability needs to be further improved, and the Supreme People’s Court’s supervision and guidance mechanism needs to be improved. Fourth, the internal supervision mechanism needs to be further improved. The problems of improper judicial style and irregular judicial behavior still exist, and the risk of judicial integrity is high. Some judges, bending the law, seek personal gains by taking cases, which seriously damages judicial justice. Fifth, the number of cases accepted by the people’s courts is increasing year by year, and some courts are under great pressure to handle cases. Sixth, the guarantee for judicial personnel to perform their duties needs to be strengthened, and the judicial environment needs to be further improved.

　　In 2018, the people’s courts will adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress and the Central Political and Legal Work Conference, closely focus on the overall layout of the "Five in One" and the coordinated promotion of the "Four Comprehensive" strategic layout, closely focus on the work goal of "making people feel fair and just in every judicial case", earnestly implement the resolutions of this conference, and earnestly.

　　First, thoroughly study and implement Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era. Carry out full-time rotation training in national courts, continue to study the spirit of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and work hard to understand and do it. Insist on arming the mind, guiding practice and promoting work with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, earnestly strengthen the "four consciousnesses", constantly strengthen the "four self-confidences", and resolutely safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Supreme Leader as the core and centralized and unified leadership. Accurately grasp the new requirements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, closely integrate with reality, pay close attention to the implementation of the work, and ensure that the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee are carried out to the letter in the people’s courts.

　　The second is to punish crimes according to law and fully safeguard national security and social stability. Severely crack down on criminal activities such as infiltration, subversion, violent terror and ethnic division, actively participate in the special struggle to eliminate evil, severely punish crimes involving guns, explosives, pornography, drugs, pyramid schemes and trafficking, and safeguard the long-term stability of the country. Punish duty crimes according to law, severely punish corruption crimes that occur around the masses, and promote the organic connection between judicial trials and state supervision. Punish stakeholder crimes such as fund-raising fraud and illegal absorption of public deposits according to law, and maintain a good social order.

　　The third is to try all kinds of cases in the economic field according to law and create a good legal environment for high-quality economic development. We will improve judicial policies, try cases of bankruptcy and reorganization, financial disputes and equity disputes according to law, and serve the construction of a modern economic system. Strengthen judicial protection of property rights, protect honesty, trustworthiness and fair competition according to law, resolutely prevent economic disputes from being treated as crimes, and resolutely prevent civil liability from being turned into criminal liability. Improve the intellectual property litigation system and optimize the legal environment for scientific and technological innovation. Improve the trial mechanism of environmental resources and promote green development. Strengthen foreign-related commercial and maritime trials, set up the the Supreme People’s Court International Commercial Court, and promote the construction of the "Belt and Road" diversified dispute resolution mechanism. Strengthen the trial of cases involving Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas Chinese, and actively handle cases of mutual legal assistance. Ensure the implementation of the strategy of regional coordinated development, support the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas, and serve the construction of xiong’an new area, Pilot Free Trade Zone and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

　　The fourth is to uphold justice for the people and earnestly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the people. To handle cases of education, employment, medical care, consumption, marriage, old-age care, etc. in accordance with the law, and promote the protection and improvement of people’s livelihood. Try all kinds of agricultural disputes according to law and serve the implementation of rural revitalization strategy. Try administrative cases according to law and effectively resolve administrative disputes. We will try military-related cases in accordance with the law and earnestly safeguard national defense security and the legitimate rights and interests of military personnel. Adhere to and develop the "Maple Bridge Experience" and provide the people with judicial services that combine online and offline, litigation and mediation. Respect and guarantee lawyers to perform their duties according to law and jointly promote fair justice. Ensure that the goal of "basically solving the implementation difficulties" is achieved as scheduled, and resolutely overcome this stubborn disease that hinders fairness and justice and harms people’s rights and interests.

　　Fifth, deepen the reform of the judicial system and improve the judicial system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. We will deepen the comprehensive reform of the judicial system and promote the experience of pilot areas such as Shanghai in a timely manner. Fully implement the judicial responsibility system. Accelerate the reform of the criminal procedure system centered on trial. Deepen the pilot reform of the system of pleading guilty and accepting punishment. Unswervingly safeguard the legal authority of the constitution, resolutely fight against all acts that violate the constitution, adhere to strict and fair justice, and ensure the independent and fair exercise of judicial power according to law.

　　Sixth, continue to deepen judicial openness and accelerate the construction of smart courts. Expand the trial live broadcast, documents online, trial process and the scope of various judicial information disclosure, and comprehensively expand the breadth and depth of judicial disclosure. Strengthen the deep integration of informatization, artificial intelligence and court work, and improve intelligent auxiliary case handling systems such as intelligent trial support, court trial voice recognition, and electronic file generation with the case. Build a world-class judicial big data research institute, deeply use trial information and promote social governance.

　　The seventh is to build an excellent team to ensure fair and honest administration of justice. Always put political construction in the first place, carry out the theme education of "Do not forget your initiative mind, keep in mind the mission" in a down-to-earth manner, and promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party and the hospital. Strengthen education and training, strengthen the research on the application of law, and effectively improve judicial ability. Strengthen grassroots construction, care for police officers, and further improve the level of grassroots justice. Consciously accept the supervision of the National People’s Congress, democratic supervision, procuratorial organ litigation supervision and social supervision. Adhere to the anti-corruption no-go zone, resolutely punish judicial corruption with a zero-tolerance attitude, and create a clean and honest judicial environment.