Why is the participation rate of flexible employees low？
According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, there are about 200 million flexible employees in China. How to solve the social security problem for such a huge flexible employment group? What are the difficulties for flexible employees to participate in insurance? Recently, a survey of 1,502 respondents released by the Social Investigation Center of China Youth Newspaper shows that the high personal payment fee is the main reason for the difficulty of participating in insurance for the interviewed flexible employees, followed by the difficulty of ensuring continuous payment and easy to cut off payment.
In this survey, flexible employees accounted for 65.5%.
The high personal payment fee is the main reason why the interviewed flexible employees do not pay social security.
In late July, the summer heat in Beijing was strong. At three or four o’clock in the afternoon, the takeaway buddy ushered in a short break. On the street of Dongzhimen, the reporter interviewed several takeaway brothers randomly. When it comes to social security, they said that there is no social security. Some takeaway brothers know the "five insurances", but it is not clear which five are specific.
Liu Hongliang, whose hometown is in Shandong, has been delivering food in Beijing for one year, and he has never had social security. "There are old people and young people. Although he can earn more than 10,000 yuan a month, he spends a lot. It is a great burden to pay one or two thousand yuan in social security."
What are the difficulties for flexible employees in participating in insurance? According to the survey, 55.7% of the respondents feel that the fees paid by individuals are too high to afford. Interactive analysis shows that 57.5% of the flexible employees surveyed think so.
Yuan Yang, a 25-year-old takeaway brother, said that the company had paid social security before sending a courier in his hometown, but it was cut off after arriving in Beijing. Referring to the reason, he said frankly, "It won’t take long to send takeout, and maybe he will leave one day."
Li Xianhuan, born after 1995, who lives in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, is a freelance writer. When he was working in Beijing before, the company paid social security, but he didn’t renew it after leaving his job years ago, and now he is in a state of suspension. "I’m a little confused about why I have to pay social security and I’m not sure what I can get from it." Li Xianhuan feels that it is not worthwhile to spend several thousand yuan on social security every month after leaving the company. "Now I mainly consider getting cash, and I won’t think too much about the future."
According to the survey, the participation rate of social security for flexible employees is low, 50.0% of the respondents think that it is difficult to ensure continuous payment, and it is easy to cut off payment. 38.8% of the respondents think that the system is not perfect and the protection for individuals is limited, and 33.7% of the respondents say that they are not clear about where and how to handle it.
Others are: in order to get more money (33.0%), the social security transfer and connection procedures are complicated (32.4%), and the employer refuses to handle them (20.8%). 4.9% of the respondents said that they simply don’t want to pay them, so they feel it is unnecessary.
What inconvenience will it bring without social security?
Zhang Fan, a 28-year-old blogger after graduating from university, has been in a state of flexible employment and has never paid attention to social security issues. As he grows older, he admits that he will consider his future life and hopes to have some security. "My health is not very good. Now this job often needs to stay up late, which will cause great loss to my body. I will consider joining medical insurance and endowment insurance in the future."
"Delivery is a high-risk job, and falls and injuries are common." Liu Hongliang said that the platform has limited the delivery time of each takeaway. Because the delivery fee of each takeaway is higher than that of the normal time, the rider will desperately grab the order at this time, and there are many orders in his hand. If he wants to deliver it within the specified time, he must speed up. "I was hit by someone the other day, and I rested at home for three or four days. Now I have to apply medicine every day."
Regarding insurance, Liu Hongliang said that when going online every day, the platform will automatically deduct 2.5 yuan’s accident insurance fees, but for what situation, Liu Hongliang is not very clear. "No one reports minor injuries, and I am not sure how much I can report major injuries."
What inconvenience will it bring without social security? According to the survey, 56.2% of the respondents are worried that it is difficult to protect from occupational injuries, and 50.0% of the respondents said that they could not receive relevant subsidies. Others include: affecting children’s schooling in the city where they live (47.1%), having no pension when they retire (43.9%), and being restricted in buying a house (40.6%).
After 1995, Zhou Jun Ling once worked as an anchor. She said that when she first entered the business, she didn’t know anything about social security, and she felt that it didn’t matter whether she paid or not. Moreover, she found that many small companies did not pay social security during the probation period of employees, and it was difficult for ordinary workers to defend their rights. It seems that it is not uncommon to not pay social security.
According to the survey, 83.0% of the respondents care about whether the employer pays social security for themselves when looking for a job.
"I want to buy a house in Chengdu, but the condition of buying a house is that I need to pay social security for two years in a row without a hukou. Therefore, I have been paying social security, which costs about 1,500 yuan per month. " However, Zhou Junying admits that his social security has been paid off for some time. "For freelancers, it is difficult to guarantee continuous payment because of the lack of fixed units. I have also tried to open a company to pay social security myself, but I can’t afford it."
57.8% of the respondents hope to reduce the payment base or proportion of flexible employees participating in insurance.
Zhou Junling thinks that for many flexible employees, it is undoubtedly a "huge sum" to pay more than 1,000 yuan in social security if they earn three or four thousand yuan a month. "Although it is already the minimum payment standard to pay about 1,500 yuan per month, I personally think it is still a bit high. However, I don’t know much about social security, and I don’t know if there is room for downward adjustment. "
It is convenient for flexible employees to participate in insurance. 57.8% of the respondents hope to reduce the payment base or proportion of flexible employees. 55.7% of the respondents expect to break the barriers of region and household registration and allow them to participate in insurance in their places of employment. 54.4% of the respondents suggest dividing multiple insurance payment grades for flexible employees to choose independently.
Others include: combining individual contributions with government subsidies, paying more and making up more, paying less and making up less (50.9%), gradually eliminating the obstacles to cross-regional transfer of social security (49.6%), giving a certain buffer period for the payment of social security, allowing payment or renewal (42.8%), establishing a one-stop digital service platform, simplifying enrollment procedures (32.2%) and increasing publicity.
Li Xianhuan feels that there are many systems now, but some systems are not interoperable, which makes people feel more complicated and chaotic, and will form a higher psychological threshold. "When I was in Beijing before, I was particularly afraid of going to the hospital because I was not sure whether I could see a doctor at the scene, so I would call to ask if I needed to make an appointment and what number to hang before I went." Li Xianhuan believes that the current social security system also has the problems of opacity and high processing threshold. "If there is no company to handle it, it may be difficult for you to find out how to pay it." Li Xianhuan hopes to establish a special website or platform, which clearly indicates the handling process by means of menu, so as to make the system more humanized and convenient.
Zhang Fan is troubled about how to pay social security for individuals. "I haven’t learned about social security before, but I always feel it is a very troublesome thing, such as where to pay, what procedures are needed, whether to pay monthly or yearly, and how much to pay at a time. I don’t know how to handle it. I hope I can have clear guidance."
In the survey, 77.6% of the respondents think it is necessary to set up a special insurance system for flexible employees.
Li Xianhuan thinks that it may be necessary to learn again to establish another system, so it is best for the new system to be connected to the existing system and form an integrated handling process.
Respondents in this survey accounted for 21.8% after 00, 48.8% after 90, 23.6% after 80 and 5.9% after 70. 34.5% came from first-tier cities, 37.8% from second-tier cities, 20.2% from third-and fourth-tier cities, 5.5% from counties or towns, and 2.0% from rural areas.
(At the request of the respondents, Liu Hongliang and Yuan Yang are pseudonyms of Zhongqingbao and Zhongqingwang trainee reporter Wang Zhiwei intern Lilac Xueyu)