【abstract】The Ministry of Education issued the Administrative Measures for the Filing of Mobile Internet Applications in Education and the Action Plan for the Special Governance of Mobile Internet Applications in Management Services Education in Colleges and Universities, deployed and launched the 2019 online learning space application popularization activities, the selection and recommendation of educational informatization teaching application community projects and the annual development survey of educational informatization, and completed the data submission to the national population basic information database. Liaoning, Yunnan, Ningxia and other places have launched activities to popularize the application of online learning space. Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hunan and other places organized special training on "National Education Informatization Management Information System".

　　★Central Network Information Important Work Deployment

　　Implementation of key tasks (omitted)

　　★Progress in key work of educational informatization

　　Education Mobile Internet Application Management The General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the Administrative Measures for the Filing of Education Mobile Internet Applications, which made specific arrangements for the filing work. The Network Information Office of the Ministry of Education issued the "Action Plan for Special Governance of Mobile Internet Applications in Management Services Education in Colleges and Universities" to address the problem of the proliferation of mobile Internet applications in management services education in colleges and universities due to formalism.

　　Co-construction and Sharing of Quality Education Resources The Ministry of Education publicized 10,007 ministerial-level "excellent courses" selected by the activity of "one teacher, one excellent course and one famous teacher". Organized 39 cross-regional teaching and research activities in Leibo, Sichuan and Zhouqu, Gansu. There are 111,000 new registered users and 301 new client users on the website Love Courses. The MOOC mobile terminal of China University has been downloaded and installed for 33.6 million times. The platform is teaching 15,000 courses, with 123,000 new materials and 5.953 million new registrations.

　　Online learning space is accessible to everyone. In Changchun, the 2019 online learning space application popularization activity and the special training advanced seminar and work deployment meeting of "Online Learning Space for Everyone" were held. After selection and investigation by experts, 26 special training base schools of "Online Learning Space for Everyone" were identified in 2019. In Hefei, Anhui Province and Tangshan, Hebei Province, the special training of "Online Learning Space for Everyone" was held for primary and secondary school principals, training 453 people; In Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, Zoucheng, Shandong Province, and Wuhu, Anhui Province, the special training of "Online Learning Space for Everyone" was held, training 746 people.

　　Public service system of educational resources By the end of November, the national public service platform for educational resources had opened 13.37 million spaces for teachers, 6.27 million spaces for students, 5.84 million spaces for parents and 400,000 spaces for schools. Continue to promote the access of pilot regional platforms to the national public service system of digital education resources. 112 online platforms at all levels have been connected, including 1 national platform, 26 provincial platforms, 44 municipal platforms and 41 district and county platforms. According to the new access standards, 124 applications from 61 units have been connected. The public service system has a total of 825,000 space logins, 42.48 million monthly users and 41.65 million application visits.

　　Informatization of educational management (omitted)

　　Integration and sharing of government information system The Ministry of Education has approved five interface applications from the Ministry of Justice on the information of college students’ status, academic qualifications, degrees and studying abroad, which are used for information verification in the legal professional qualification examination.

　　Pilot demonstration of educational informatization The Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Education has deployed and launched the project recommendation and selection of the application community of educational informatization teaching in 2019, and plans to select about 15 practice communities with different application directions from four modes, including online learning space, online open courses, interdisciplinary learning (STEAM education) and intelligent education.

　　Educational informatization propaganda The briefing column of the Ministry of Education published "Accelerating the construction of special education network in Jiangxi Province to promote the inclusive sharing of high-quality educational resources" and "Deepening the construction of educational informatization in xidian university to promote the upgrading of educational management". China Education News compiled and distributed two special issues of informatization, and published articles such as "Creating China Road for Online Education" and "Guiyang: Popularizing Artificial Intelligence Education". China Education News Network published 39 reports related to informatization, and China Education TV broadcasted 25 main reports related to educational informatization through National Education News Network.

　　★Progress in Key Work of Network Security

　　Network security incident handling (omitted)

　　Information system security monitoring (omitted)

　　★Related work information

　　People-taught digital teaching materials Complete the updating of 10 basic versions of textbooks in Chinese, Morality and Rule of Law and History, and the updating of 3 complete versions in Chinese and History, including 791 audio, 148 pictures, 45 animations and 311 videos.

　　Special research on educational network security work On October 30-31, the "2019 Education Network Security Seminar" sponsored by the Education Management Information Center of the Ministry of Education and co-organized by the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education and Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. was held in Nanjing, attended by more than 600 principal responsible comrades from local education administrative departments and technical support departments of network security and informatization construction in colleges and universities.

　　★Work trends in various places

　　Beijing The Municipal Education Commission completed the acceptance of the education informatization project in 2019, and organized the pre-financial performance evaluation of the education informatization project in 2020; The list of "Double Hundred" demonstration projects of Beijing’s educational informatization integration and innovation in 2019 was announced.

　　Tianjin On November 29th, the Municipal Education Commission and Iflytek Co., Ltd. signed a strategic cooperation agreement to jointly build a networked, intelligent and personalized precision learning system.

　　Hebei On November 21-24, the expert work meeting of the comprehensive reform pilot project of "National Training Plan (2020)" in Hebei Province was held in Shijiazhuang.

　　Shanxi On November 4-9, the advanced seminar on professional ability of Shanxi education informatization was held in Chengdu. The Provincial Department of Education launched the pilot project of "Jinxiangyun Classroom" to help the poor through the internet. Linfen No.1 Middle School, fangshan county Jicui Demonstration Primary School, Zuoquan Matian Central School and kelan county Taoyuan Sheng Experimental Primary School were selected as the first batch of pilot schools to explore the application mode of informatization in education precision poverty alleviation.

　　Liaoning (Province) The Provincial Department of Education released the results of the 23rd Education and Teaching Informationization Competition in Liaoning Province, and issued the Notice on Continuing the Popularization of Online Learning Space Applications. The Provincial Audio-visual Education Center went to Jinzhou, Liaoyang and Chaoyang to carry out educational informatization education and training activities.

　　Jilin (Province) The Tenth Five-Year Plan of Education Informatization in Jilin Province has been included in the catalogue of provincial special planning in the Tenth Five-Year Plan of Jilin Province. On November 22nd, the Provincial Department of Education issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Investigating the Development of Education Informatization in 2019. The Provincial Department of Education held a training on the application of national education informatization management information system in Jilin University, with more than 90 system administrators and auditors attending.

　　Heilongjiang Province The Provincial Department of Education organized a special training on "National Education Informatization Management Information System", with more than 260 participants.

　　Zhejiang(Province) The Provincial Department of Education issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Recommending and Selecting the Experimental Zone of "New Teaching and Learning Mode Based on Teaching Reform and Integrating Information Technology", announced the provincial-level "excellent courses" list of "One Teacher, One Teacher" activities in 2019, the results of the excellent space collection activities, and the recruitment results of the film and television resources collection activities in primary and secondary schools, and started the identification of the first batch of robot teaching demonstration schools. On November 28-29, in 2019, the information technology application innovation competition for primary and secondary school teachers in the province was successfully held.

　　Anhui (Province) In 2019, the smart school construction project of small-scale compulsory education schools (teaching points) in poverty-stricken areas was publicly invited for bidding in Hefei Public Resource Trading Center, Anhui Province, and the winning bidders in each package of the project were determined.

　　Fujian(Province) The Provincial Department of Education issued the Emergency Plan for Cyber Security Incidents in Fujian Education System and the Process of Reporting and Handling Cyber Security Incidents in Fujian Education Department, and announced the online and offline hybrid courses of provincial-level quality products in 2019 and the application-oriented undergraduate teaching team in massive open online course.

　　Jiangxi The Provincial Department of Education issued the "Implementation Plan for Training All Employees in the Application of" Ganjiaoyun. Teaching Pass 2.0 "; Actively participate in the 2019 cyber security emergency drill organized by the Network Information Office of the Provincial Party Committee, and organize the 2019 special training on cyber security of the province’s education system in two phases. In 2019, the evaluation of smart campus construction in colleges and universities and the preliminary contest of the second Jiangxi University Network Security Skills Competition were successfully completed.

　　Shandong(Province) On November 22nd, 2019, the off-line on-the-spot meeting of the provincial workshop on biology in junior high school of internet plus Teachers’ Professional Development Project was held in Guangrao Experimental Middle School, Dongying City.

　　Henan(Province) Start the implementation of the second batch of educational informatization 2.0 demonstration zones, and organize the on-site review of digital campus benchmarking schools in primary and secondary schools.

　　Hunan On November 6th, the first Xiangjiang Forum of Education Think Tank was held in Changsha. On November 15th, My People，My Country, the first class of "I am the successor", was officially started. The Provincial Department of Education completed the mid-term evaluation of 100 million engineering projects in Hunan Province, and launched the popularization activities of online learning space application in Hunan Province in 2019.

　　Guangxi The Education Department of the Autonomous Region held the demonstration and observation activities of excellent lessons in the deep integration of information technology and subject teaching in primary and secondary schools in the whole region, the network security training meeting of the education system in the whole region and the implementation meeting of equal insurance 2.0; Successfully completed the activity of "one excellent class for one teacher and one famous teacher for one class" and awarded 600 excellent classes at the autonomous region level.

　　Hainan On November 28th, the Party Committee of the Provincial Department of Education concentrated on conveying and studying the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the "Four Persistences" in national network security work, and informed the situation of the offensive and defensive drills of the province’s education system in the "Network Protection Action".

　　Chongqing On November 23rd, the Municipal Education Commission issued the Notice on Carrying out the Investigation on the Development of Education Informatization in 2019. On November 15th, the city’s education network security training meeting was held in Jiangbei District.

　　Sichuan(Province) The Provincial Department of Education organized the official opening ceremony of the "Sichuan Yunjiao" live classroom; Organize the online evaluation of provincial-level "excellent courses" in the activity of "one teacher, one excellent course and one famous teacher" in 2019, print and distribute the file of "classroom teaching contest" in autumn 2019, and start the autumn drying class.

　　Guizhou (Province) The Provincial Department of Education carried out the provincial-level evaluation and ministerial-level evaluation and recommendation of "one excellent course for one teacher and one famous teacher for one lesson", and reviewed 2289 sections of provincial-level "excellent courses"; Organize a special training meeting for the popularization of online learning space application in the whole province.

　　Yunnan(Province) The Provincial Department of Education carried out online learning space training for teachers in primary and secondary schools and high schools in the province, and carried out training, teaching and research, evaluation and other activities for more than 360,000 teachers covering primary and secondary schools and high schools through online learning space.

　　Xizang The Education Department of the Autonomous Region issued the "Notice on Further Promoting the Networking of Primary and Secondary Schools" to comprehensively promote the improvement of school network access and bandwidth conditions.

　　Shanxi(Province) On November 1, the Provincial Department of Education organized a conference on network security and informatization in colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province; On November 2 nd, organize an exchange meeting on the deep application of virtual reality in teaching; On November 8-10, organized the Shaanxi Education Informatization Innovation and Development Conference.

　　Gansu On November 6-19, the Network Information Committee of the Provincial Education Department conducted an on-site inspection of the network security work of 10 universities including Northwest Normal University. Gansu Audio-visual Education Center organized experts to conduct provincial-level acceptance of the provincial-level information demonstration project of "sharing quality education resources in big cities" in Qingyang and other places in 2018.

　　Qinghai On November 17-24, a training course for information management team in Qinghai Province was held in Chengdu, Sichuan, with 95 participants.

　　Ningxia The Education Department of the Autonomous Region has compiled the Work Project Plan for Improving Weak Links in Compulsory Education in the Autonomous Region (2019-2020), and organized the popularization and application activities of online learning space applications in 2019; On November 5-6, the "internet plus Vocational Education" observation and vocational education reform and development training meeting was held; On November 20-22, a special training and offensive and defensive drill contest on cyber security in education industry was held.

　　Xinjiang The Education Department of the Autonomous Region has adjusted the leading group for network security and informatization, and established three groups, namely, the school Internet Party building working group, the informatization promotion group and the network security supervision and inspection group.

　　Xinjiang production and construction corps The Education Bureau of the Corps issued "Guidelines for the Construction of Digital Campus Application Centers in Primary and Secondary Schools of the Corps (Trial)". The Education Management Information Center of the Corps organized a mid-term construction evaluation of the public service platform of educational resources of the Corps.

The following article is from China press release, written by Cheng Manli.

China press release.

China Press Release, sponsored by Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Wuzhou Communication and Publishing Media Co., Ltd. (Wuzhou Communication Center), is a national-level publicity publication for public distribution at home and abroad.

■ Cheng Manli

The word "Public Relations" is imported, which is called public relations in English, abbreviated as PR, and "public relations" in Chinese.

In the process of the development of public relations theory and practice, people explain its connotation from different angles and give many definitions. In these definitions, "public relations" has many meanings, which can be regarded as a state, an activity, a consciousness, an idea, a theory, or an art and method. For example, the Mexico Declaration issued at the World Public Relations Association Congress held in Mexico in August 1978 pointed out that public relations is an art and social science. The implementation of public relations is to analyze trends, predict consequences, give advice to institutional leaders, and perform a series of planned actions to serve the interests of the institution and the public. The Encyclopedia Britannica published in 1981 defined public relations as various policies or actions aimed at conveying information about individuals, companies, government agencies or other organizations and improving public attitudes towards them.

In China, researchers generally believe that public relations is an activity that enterprises or social organizations use various means of communication to communicate with the relevant public in order to achieve some organizational goals.

No matter what the angle or emphasis of the definition of public relations is, it contains three interrelated elements: organization, public and communication.

I. Organization

"Organization" is the subject of public relations and the initiator of public relations activities. As the main body of public relations, organizations can be all kinds of companies, enterprises, government departments at all levels, schools, associations, societies and other social groups. The reason why social organizations carry out public relations activities is because they have the goals they hope to achieve and the tasks they need to complete. Companies and enterprises carry out public relations activities in order to build brand image, improve product visibility and reputation, and gain wide recognition from consumers. The purpose of the government’s public relations activities is to establish a better information communication channel with the public, so that the major policies and important administrative measures of the country can be known to the public and translated into practical actions, thereby enhancing the credibility of the government and shaping a good image; Social organizations carry out public relations activities in order to achieve some organizational goals, such as expanding the scope of charitable donations and mobilizing more people to participate in social welfare activities; Wait a minute. It can be seen that public relations face the relationship between the organization and the public, not the personal relationship; Public relations is an organizational activity rather than a personal affair.

Second, the public

"The public" is the object of public relations and the object of public relations activities. The so-called public refers to a social group composed of individuals with common interests, and the common interests exist and change around a particular social organization. It is precisely because of the existence of common interests that people who were originally individuals have common interests, common attitudes and common cultural psychology, and they are facing common problems, hoping to achieve common goals through common actions; It is precisely because of the existence of common interests that these individuals surround specific social organizations and form relatively consistent social needs. Therefore, when making public relations plans and schemes, public relations subjects should first understand the public objects and constantly adjust their behaviors according to their characteristics and needs. Furthermore, "the public" is an individual, mass or organization directly or indirectly associated with a social organization, and they have actual or potential interests or influence on the organization’s goals and development; The development and change of the organization will have a greater or lesser effect and influence on their interests.

Third, communication

The word "communication" comes from Latin, which means "to establish a common consciousness with others". It can be seen that communication is the process of human information exchange, and it is the information transmission and sharing between people. From the perspective of public relations, communication refers to the process that social organizations use media and other means to interact with the public in order to achieve a certain goal. Communication can be carried out directly, such as face-to-face communication between people; It can also be done indirectly through various means of communication. Several main forms of human communication can be widely used in public relations activities. For example, interpersonal communication, group communication and organizational communication are generally adopted for a small specific public, for the public who need more information feedback, and for the public who expect to establish a long-term stable relationship; For a wide range of the public and those who need to get information quickly to meet the needs of knowing, mass communication can be adopted. The emergence of the Internet and the development of social platforms and intelligent media have provided a broader space and greater possibilities for the dissemination of public relations. Of course, in order to achieve the best effect, various modes of communication can be used alternately.

In a word, communication is the means of public relations activities, and it is the link and bridge between the subject and the object of public relations. Without communication, it is impossible to establish contact between social organizations and the public, let alone communicate effectively between them.

(Source: China Press Release, No.4, 2024 (Total No.028), Public Relations Field of Vision. The writer is the executive director of the Academic Committee of China Public Relations Association and honorary president of Peking University Institute of International Communication. ) Continue to slide to see the next touch to read the original text.

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Original title: The Meaning and Basic Elements of Public Relations

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