Under the background of the 2025 target timetable for the high-quality development of computing infrastructure, what is the current situation of the ecological development of China’s generative artificial intelligence (AIGC) services and large model industries? What is the core competitiveness of general model and industry model industry development? In the process of industrial digitalization, how long will the state of "thousand-mode war" of domestic large models last?

To answer these questions, we can look for the answers from the just-concluded China Computer Conference (CNCC2023) in Shenyang, Liaoning. As a high-level and large-scale high-end academic conference in the computer field hosted by china computer federation, this year, with the theme of "developing digital infrastructure and supporting the construction of digital China", nearly 30 of the 130 technical forums and more than 20 special events have deeply analyzed the recent fiery artificial intelligence and big models. The reporter found some opinions and suggestions that can answer these questions in the special forum held at the same time, "The application of super-intelligence fusion AI big model is developing and the new paradigm of efficient computing is developed".

Computing power, algorithm and data —— Pay equal attention to the development of ——AIGC technology and safety.

"No calculation, no model". Since the explosion of Generative Artificial Intelligence Service (AIGC) and GPT large-scale model training, discussions about computing power, algorithms and data have come one after another, and the application of domestic large-scale models in Chinese context has shown a state of "thousand-model war".

This year, China has successively issued the Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services and the Action Plan for the High-quality Development of Computing Infrastructure, which has made a detailed plan for the computing infrastructure behind the development of AIGC technology and industry. Among them, the Action Plan puts forward quantitative indicators for the development of computing infrastructure by 2025 from four aspects: computing power, carrying capacity, storage capacity and application empowerment. In terms of computing power, the scale of computing power exceeds 300EFLOPS, and the proportion of intelligent computing power reaches 35%; In terms of storage capacity, the total storage capacity exceeds 1800EB, and the advanced storage capacity accounts for more than 30%.

Intelligent computing power is the theme of the above-mentioned special activities. Focusing on the practical problems in the process of algorithm optimization and application of artificial intelligence big model, guests from Industry-University-Research institutions such as China Academy of Sciences, China Institute of Information and Communication, China Renmin University and Beijing Super Cloud Computing Center discussed the key topics such as technology application, personnel training, industry innovation and content security.

"The artificial intelligence big model focuses on solving continuity problems from reasoning, question and answer, detection to description in the process of business training." Zhiwu Lu, a professor and doctoral supervisor at Gaochun School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, said that there are still many problems to be solved in the generation ability of multimodal content such as text, pictures, audio and video. "From the business functions such as multi-image understanding, object positioning, OCR, etc., the multi-modal large model needs to be improved and upgraded for task pre-training and fine-tuning of data instructions. When the application scenario falls, it is very important to solve the diverse and complex needs of users through large model training."

"Data is very important for the training and application of the big model. What data and instruction set types are used to make the big model have what kind of capabilities? In essence, it is a research problem of diversity and coverage, which is different from the data of memory learning and deep learning. " Kong Qingchao, an associate researcher at the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that the development of artificial intelligence models in China still needs to invest in research and development, and whether the application and exploration of industry models in different industries will certainly produce results requires a lot of algorithms for logical reasoning, for example, whether there are more algorithms for the financial industry model to support the generation of investment decision-making reference opinions, and whether such a large model has the ability of iteration and learning, it needs to do sufficient pre-training and technical research and development.

Experts pointed out that data, algorithms and computing power are important components of the new information infrastructure, and the computing power infrastructure is characterized by ubiquity, intelligence, agility, safety, reliability, green and low carbon, which is of great significance for boosting industrial transformation and upgrading and empowering scientific and technological innovation and progress. In terms of generative artificial intelligence technology, we should create and improve the collaborative application ecology of computing power, data and algorithms. Both the general model and the industry model are applying "subtraction" to transform the big model from "toy" to "tool". Let the technology land, let the results generate value, and let the service match the business. This may be the future ecology of the big model that people are discussing.

Wang Jue, deputy director of the Artificial Intelligence Department of computer network information center, believes that the key to the application landing and business adaptation of domestic large models lies in data cleaning. "We are also trying various models. Whether it is accuracy or computational efficiency, the challenge is the stability of the domestic open source model. We have done a lot of work in this regard to promote the development of scientific research in various disciplines through literature data. At the same time, it is also our research direction to make the domestic large model easy to use. "

"Next-generation information technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing have accelerated the development of big models. The research and training of general or industrial large models cannot be separated from a lot of computing power support. " Dr. Chen Jian, Chairman of Parallel Technology, believes that from the perspective of industrial development, computing power is an industrial product, and the demand for computing power in industry model training needs to find the right direction before it can be exerted.

Technology, Application and Ecology —— Improving the accuracy and efficiency of large-scale models

The demand of large-scale model application for high-frequency computing power resources is often closely related to the multi-scenario application ability construction of large-scale model upgrade iteration. At present, what problems does the big model ecology face in the Chinese context, and what deep changes can the interdisciplinary talent training cooperation mechanism and the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain bring to the big model? When answering a reporter’s question, many guests also talked about some industry problems that need to be solved urgently in the service provided by the big model at present.

With the development of AIGC technology in the early days, a large number of "illusion" problems, that is, "serious nonsense", have arisen from various chains and semantic understanding. According to Tian Hui, director of Sunac Center of China Information and Communication Research Institute, the industrial application of emerging technologies must be in a healthy state with Industry-University-Research’s combination. "The division of labor of AIGC technology is more detailed, and the development, deployment and application of industrial applications all require the cooperation of industrial chains. For example, the secondary development of large models, iterative upgrading, and personnel training mechanisms in the fields of operation and maintenance services all need subdivision and cooperation. "

After the AIGC technology industry has entered the state of "thousand-mode war", what is the core competitiveness we ultimately rely on? The industry believes that the development direction or path of AIGC technology industry is to upgrade the core basic abilities of understanding, generation, logical reasoning and memory of large models from the aspect of artificial intelligence technology; In the aspect of scene application landing, strengthen the learning ability of large models and improve the accuracy and efficiency of generating services; In the aspect of industrial ecological construction, the intelligent level and ecological application space of large models will be improved, and practical tools will be built to assist decision-making.

"Beijing Super Cloud Computing Center adopts supercomputing architecture mode to build intelligent computing resources, and integrates the resources of major computing centers distributed in China, which can maximize the use of existing resources and reduce the losses caused by the waste of idle resources. At the same time, it can also effectively meet the high-frequency demand for computing power in artificial intelligence large model training. " Wu Di, the Beijing Super Cloud Computing Center, said that the supercomputing architecture represented by supercomputers can provide more comprehensive and efficient parallel computing capabilities, provide computing service support for large-scale model training, and achieve more efficient model training and better prediction accuracy.

Wang Jue said that the development of the industry model will widen the industry gap without computing power. "It is a research hotspot to make computing resources run these large models better, keep their accuracy or generalization ability unchanged, improve the speed and efficiency of large model training, and truly realize the localization of the whole stack in large model training as soon as possible."

"I hope that the industrial application development of the big model will see the ecology of a hundred flowers, but what needs to be paid attention to is the problem of low-level duplication of work. Whether it is quantity or type, there is still a lot of room for exploration in the products or business forms of large models. " Tian Hui believes that the ultimate development of AIGC technology lies in content services. "How to improve the accuracy and efficiency, whose platform is invested enough, the speed and efficiency of large-scale model training, and stronger application adaptation, who can break through success."

　　

Mixing dough, kneading dough and mixing materials … … A bowl of spicy and delicious Chongqing noodles is out of the pot. On May 26th, in a labor class at Chongguang Primary School in Liangjiang New District, Chongqing, students experienced the whole process of making Chongqing noodles, tasted the delicious noodles made by themselves, and learned new labor skills in interesting activities. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Weishe

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 30 (Reporter Li Shuangxi, Wang Ying, Zhou Chang) "The sun is shining, the rooster sings three songs, the flowers wake up, and the birds are busy dressing up … … To learn from magpies to build new houses, to learn from bees to collect honey, the joy of labor is inexhaustible, and the creation of labor is the most glorious. "

　　A children’s song named "The Glory of Labor" is an unforgettable childhood memory of several generations of China children, and it is also the first memory to guide them to work and love work. A few days ago, the Ministry of Education issued the Labor Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education (2022 Edition). Starting this autumn, the labor course will be officially upgraded to an independent course in primary and secondary schools.

　　After the release of the standards, some parents expressed their "support with both hands and feet" for the upgrading of labor education, and some parents were worried about the problems such as lack of teaching AIDS, outdated educational content, high teaching risk and formal evaluation. Will the new labor class be alienated into "parents’ homework and family burden"? Xinhua News Agency reporters conducted an investigation on related issues.

　　Marginalization and formalization? The upgrading of children’s labor education needs to be done simultaneously.

　　According to the new curriculum standard, the content of labor curriculum is divided into three categories: daily life labor, productive labor and service labor, and there are 10 task groups. The difficulty is also from shallow to deep, from sweeping the floor, washing clothes, raising plants and raising small animals in the lower grades of primary school, mixing cold dishes, heating steamed buns and steamed buns, boiling eggs and dumplings, learning to use small household appliances and paper workers, masons, cloth art, weaving, etc., to making 3-4 dishes independently in junior high school; Simple disassembly, cleaning and maintenance of household appliances; Practice aquaculture and paddy field farming; Familiar with a craft such as pottery, paper, cloth; Experience carpentry, metalworking, electronics, etc. Even experience new technologies such as three-dimensional printing technology, laser cutting technology and numerical control processing technology.

　　Parents and teachers in many places said that the new curriculum standard of labor class is rich in content, clear in level, systematic and scientific, and has a clear sense of "upgrading". However, to truly achieve the educational effect of guiding children to work and love labor, the premise is to get rid of some "chronic diseases" that existed in the field of labor education before.

　　Some parents are overprotective and overstep their responsibilities. "Children have been in school for six years and have not participated in a campus cleaning. Parents do it for them." Wang Dongming, a citizen of Changchun, said that as a representative of the parents’ committee, he would call parents to work for their children every time the school was cleaned. "Like changing classrooms, moving desks and chairs, making class cards in sports games, looking after items, etc., parents will do the work for these students."

　　Some teaching contents are out of touch with labor practice. Guo Xiaolu, a second-grade parent of a primary school in Changchun, told reporters that parents should not only complete all kinds of comprehensive practical activities assigned by the class, but also pose for their children. "When the teacher talks about pure theory in class, let the children go home to cook. How to cut vegetables, fire and use oil? The children have no experience. What should I do if I get hurt? In the end, parents have to do it. "

　　Part of the teaching difficulty does not match the student stage. "Sometimes it’s really too curly!" A parent in Hefei said that the school had arranged for junior primary school students to make rocket models by hand. "Children which meeting do rocket model? Parents are not allowed to do it for them. " The reporter also learned that it is not uncommon for parents to choose Taobao to buy handmade finished products to hand in their homework because the manual homework arranged by the school is too difficult, or they are afraid that the quality of the completion is not high enough to be compared with other parents.

　　There are still some deviations in the orientation of family education. "If you don’t study hard, you will sell labor in the future." Xu Jing, executive principal of the East Campus of Hefei 168 Rose Garden School, Anhui Province, said that the purpose of experiencing all kinds of labor, especially some manual labor, is to establish children’s correct values of knowing and loving labor, but this has become a negative example for parents to "intimidate" children to study hard in some family education, which seriously affects children’s correct understanding of labor value.

　　To implement the new curriculum standard of labor class, we still need to dispel these concerns.

　　Some parents, teachers and schools expressed their concerns about the safety, professionalism and complexity of the courses related to the new curriculum standard of labor class.

　　Will the difficulty coefficient be too large? Zhang Xuedong, a parent in Changchun, said that if many courses are not operated by professional equipment under the guidance of special personnel at school, parents will not operate them after returning home, such as repairing household appliances, carpentry and metalworking. Many parents have no experience. "Not to mention new technologies like three-dimensional printing, laser cutting and intelligent numerical control."

　　Will the risk factor be high? Cooking class needs fire and electricity, and it needs to cut vegetables with a knife; Maintenance of household appliances requires screwdriver and electric welding; Pesticides may also be used to grow vegetables and raise poultry. The new curriculum involves many instruments and articles with high risks and strict control by the school. "What should I do if a student makes an operational mistake during class, resulting in injury to himself or his classmates?" A primary school vice principal in charge of teaching said that "the pressure of school responsibility is very great".

　　In addition, a teacher who has been engaged in labor teaching for many years said that taking cooking class as an example, even if teaching is conducted in the school cafeteria, most of the food made by students is not cooked, burnt or the seasonings such as salt exceed the standard, which poses food safety risks. If all of them are dumped, food may be wasted.

　　Will the teaching pressure be biased? The reporter found that many local primary and secondary school labor teachers are part-time, and the majors of a few full-time teachers have nothing to do with labor classes. There is no small pressure to complete the systematic and meticulous new curriculum standards. "I am the only labor teacher in the school, responsible for all grades. If you want to start classes according to the requirements of the new curriculum standard, it is really stretched. " A labor teacher who teaches in a public school in Changchun said.

　　Optimize safety, curriculum and evaluation, and comprehensively empower labor education to upgrade.

　　Education experts and front-line teachers said that the upgrading of children’s labor education can be successfully completed as long as the safety measures, curriculum content, evaluation system and other issues are considered in advance and the system is optimized.

　　Safety education is a priority. Wang Wei, director of the comprehensive practice department of Liwang Experimental Primary School attached to Changchun Jida University, said that designing teaching tools, such as ceramic knives or plastic knives for cooking classes, crochet needles for knitting classes, etc., and formulating strict safety operation and teaching procedures for labor classes, and making preventive and emergency plans. "In particular, safety knowledge and precautions should be clearly explained to students before class, and teachers should follow up the care all the time."

　　Campus labor world is wide. Fangling Primary School in Shenhe District, Shenyang City has opened up a hundred herbs garden, a hundred flowers garden and a hundred valleys garden in the corners around the teaching building, teaching junior students to plant vegetables and grains, and teaching middle and senior students to plant flowers and Chinese herbal medicines. Gudian Middle School in Fengtai County, Anhui Province has opened a labor practice base "Baifeng Garden" in the school, which is divided into different labor practice activity areas by class, and each class can carry out labor practice activities in a planned and organized way.

　　Curriculum design is more scientific. The Second Primary School of Erjing Street in Shenhe District of Shenyang arranges students to learn one of the eight cuisines every semester from the third grade. "By gradually designing the difficulty of cooking courses from shallow to deep, many students can master several specialty dishes in senior grades." Principal Zhang Yan said. Xu Jing said that the East Campus of the 168 Rose Garden School in Hefei, Anhui Province has set up a labor education workshop and a "workshop owner". The school has set up different types of labor classes according to the needs of students of different grades, such as learning to pack schoolbags in junior grades and folding raincoats in senior grades, and combining labor education with education in fine arts, biology and other disciplines.

　　The assessment requirements are more pragmatic. Zhang Lihua, a teacher and researcher of labor education in Shenhe District, Shenyang, said that the daily accumulation and the final performance evaluation should be integrated to evaluate the differences. Xu Jing suggested that the relevant departments should provide special training and guidance on the evaluation standards of labor education, which is conducive to the implementation of grassroots schools.

　　Excavating teachers is more sufficient. "Teachers are the core engine for the upgrading of children’s labor education." Wang Juan, principal of Fangling Primary School, said that the school appointed teachers majoring in horticulture as full-time labor teachers, and arranged for lecturers from Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine to come to the school once a week to give lectures on related topics. "Teachers in the school have special skills, and there are professionals outside the school to guide them, forming an energy field that continues to empower children’s labor education."

　　Wang Wei suggested that parents should cultivate their children’s labor consciousness from an early age, guide their children to do their own things, and assist parents to do housework as much as they can, so that labor education can achieve the connection between home and school and get twice the result with half the effort.

　　There are too many registered people and the queue time is long? You can register before going out; The hospital is too big? Unable to find the target department? Hospital map navigation can appear when the mobile phone is "shaken"; Unattended in hospital? The intelligent mattress of sickbed helps to monitor whether it is necessary to turn over at night; Legs and feet are inconvenient, so you can’t go to the canteen to eat? One-click inquiry and ordering of suggestions for feeding meals, details of medication, progress of illness and matters needing attention in the bedside pad of the ward … …

　　With the rapid development of information technology, big data and artificial intelligence, it seems that many lifestyles are changing, and smart hospitals are quietly sprouting. Recently, 2019 Shenzhen Shanghai Smart Hospital Construction and Operation Seminar was held, and experts from all over the country made suggestions and suggestions for smart hospitals. Previously, the National Health and Wellness Committee held a press conference on "Informatization Quality Control and Smart Hospital Construction" in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. The reporter personally experienced the medical changes brought about by informationization and intelligence.

　　Meet black technology in the door

　　"The scope of smart hospitals mainly includes three major areas: &lsquo for medical staff; Smart medical care ’ , mainly based on electronic medical records as the core of information construction; Patient-oriented ‘ Smart service ’ , such as mobile phone settlement, appointment registration, appointment diagnosis and treatment, parking information push, etc.; Hospital management oriented ‘ Smart management ’ That is, to achieve refined and information management. " Jiao Yahui, deputy director of National Health Commission Medical Administration and Hospital Authority, said.

　　For patients, in addition to the effect of diagnosis and treatment, what is important is the medical experience. "From entering the gate of Tiantan Hospital, I met all kinds of ‘ Black technology ’ 。” Zhou Jianxin, vice president of Tiantan Hospital, introduced the situation of "self-service" to the reporter. "The outpatient service is self-service in the whole process, from purchasing the case book to registering and taking the number, to seeing a doctor, checking and printing the report, to taking medicine and printing the invoice. The patient only needs to scan the code on various machines, and the system will automatically make an appointment for the patient, just waiting for the machine to call the number at the corresponding place, basically bidding farewell to the long queue in the past."

　　In the lobby of the hospital, the reporter saw a number of intelligent consultation machines. From time to time, patients or their relatives inquired about outpatient pharmacies, hospital fees, inspections and other information in front of the consultation machines. The distribution points of convenience facilities such as gates, drinking places and elevators were also very clear. Take out your mobile phone next to the consultation machine and "shake it". The intelligent navigation system covering the whole hospital can automatically plan the appropriate route, and the accuracy is calculated in meters.

　　In order to meet the needs of patients for continuous medical treatment, Tiantan Hospital has also added the function of "one-click follow-up". The patient can select the option of "Follow-up Registration" in the "Registration" interface of the mobile phone "Beijing Medical Link", so that he can see the previous medical records and directly make a "point-to-point" appointment for the last deputy director and above.

　　In addition to consultation machines and registered self-service machines, sharing wheelchairs is also very popular. "It’s very convenient and cheap, and it’s free to use for the first 3 hours every day." Mr. Wang, who "borrowed" a shared wheelchair, was full of praise for this.

　　In the corridor of the inpatient department, rows of cabinets like express self-service cabinets constitute the clothing self-service recycling station. Zack Zhang, director of the outpatient department of Tiantan Hospital, said that the clothes in each ward were collected for cleaning or related treatment.

　　Self-help facilities can not only provide auxiliary medical services, but also save lives in an emergency. Zack Zhang introduced that Tiantan Hospital has set up more than 90 automatic external defibrillators, so that patients in critical condition can get basic cardiac rescue measures as soon as they enter the door, which saves the time of pushing into the emergency room. "For saving people, every minute and every second is robbed."

　　Wards can also be highly intelligent.

　　"This thing is powerful, it can order food on it, and it can be evaluated by doctors and nurses, as well as medical science." Inpatient Mr. Zhao pointed to the "suspended" pad with adjustable bedside distance and told the Science and Technology Daily reporter. These are some explorations made by Tiantan Hospital in the construction of intelligent wards.

　　"In our ward, every patient has a pad at the bedside. This bedside interactive system of smart ward can not only provide entertainment functions such as digital TV for inpatients, but also enable patients to query their medical records, make appointments, order nutritious meals and so on in real time." Zhou Jianxin said.

　　In Mr. Zhao’s hospital bed, the humble mattress also has "high intelligence". According to Bai Bo, deputy director of Tiantan Hospital Information Center, the smart mattress has a built-in chip, which can wirelessly transmit the collected information of patients’ physical condition to the monitoring platform, and monitor patients’ vital signs in real time. Once patients leave the bed for too long, the nurse station will immediately call the police to prevent accidents such as falling and fainting.

　　Not only that, the hospital can also display the patient’s doctor’s orders, the progress of infusion, medication reminders and other information on the big screen of the nurse station in real time, so that family members and patients don’t have to look up at the infusion set from time to time. On the big screen of the nurse station in Ward 3 of Vascular Neurology, the reporter saw that it clearly showed the real-time dynamics of infusion of more than 30 patients, and the patient numbers with less dosage and too fast infusion were automatically marked with different colors. "The infusion monitoring system has reduced a lot of burdens for patients’ families and medical staff. We can plan a scientific and time-saving route according to the screen display to ensure the safety of infusion and medication for every patient. " A nurse told the Science and Technology Daily reporter.

　　"At present, there are about 200 such smart beds in the whole hospital, which are distributed in various wards." Bai Bo said that such a smart sickbed is not expensive, and every patient has the opportunity to enjoy such a smart sickbed, just like the ordinary sickroom.

　　Zhou Jianxin said that in addition to the smart ward, the hospital has also explored many "high intelligence" technologies applied to medical practice. For example, BioMind, the world’s first neuroimaging artificial intelligence aided diagnosis product, can be used in 3-mdash; Automatically write a structured diagnosis report within 5 seconds; There are also intravascular interventional surgical robots, bone wearing robots and medical AI robots, which can be developed and transformed soon.

　　Consultation breaks through long distance

　　If smart hospitals such as self-help and smart wards are regarded as a point, remote consultation may connect points all over the country or even around the world into a line and radiate into a plane.

　　"Patients no longer seek medical treatment everywhere, but ‘ Foot-out area ’ You can enjoy the diagnosis and treatment services of national experts. " Li Liang, vice president of Beijing Chest Hospital, said that telemedicine can not only save patients from the pain of travel, but also enjoy better medical resources. More importantly, it can prevent infectious patients such as tuberculosis from causing a wider range of infections on the way to seek medical advice, thus achieving the purpose of effective prevention and control of infectious diseases. Not long ago, Beijing Chest Hospital and other units jointly set up a hospital-linked remote diagnosis and treatment platform, and set up a green channel for diagnosis and treatment between Beijing Chest Hospital and various tuberculosis prevention and treatment institutes in Beijing.

　　In the remote consultation room of Beijing Chest Hospital, the reporter of Science and Technology Daily observed the remote diagnosis and treatment process of a pulmonary tuberculosis patient admitted by Daxing District Tuberculosis Control Institute in Beijing. Doctors from Daxing District Institute of Tuberculosis and Prevention briefly introduced the patient’s condition and medication through high-definition video, and the patient’s detection image data were also transmitted simultaneously. Three experts from Beijing Chest Hospital asked and discussed from time to time, and finally determined a scientific, reasonable and feasible treatment plan.

　　"When necessary, the patient himself will ‘ Appear ’ So that we can know the condition more accurately and comprehensively. " Gao Mengqiu, director of the Second Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter.

　　The earliest remote consultation may only start with a mobile phone that can shoot videos. Now the relevant state departments attach great importance to the construction of high-quality telemedicine.

　　"This year, we will carry out pilot projects for the construction of urban medical groups in one hundred cities, and apply ‘ Internet plus & rsquo; Methods The telemedicine system, tele-consultation system, tele-education system and two-way referral system supported by informatization were established in the medical association, and the information interconnection, intercommunication and sharing of patients from primary medical institutions to superior hospitals were explored. The medical association will provide patients with continuous and integrated diagnosis and treatment services. " Jiao Yahui said.

　　"Overall, the development of China’s medical services is in the process of changing from ‘ Informatization ’ To ‘ Wisdom ’ The critical stage of the transition. " Jiao Yahui said. The wisdom hospital is on the road, or not far away.

On September 21, 2014, the CPC Central Committee and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference held a grand ceremony to celebrate the 65th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference in the auditorium of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. The top leader attended and delivered a speech.

"Democracy is not an ornament, not for decoration, but to solve the problems that the people want to solve. Socialist consultative democracy should be real, not a show, it should be all-round, not limited to a certain aspect, and it should be done up and down the country, not limited to a certain level. Consultation means real consultation, and real consultation means consultation before and in decision-making, and the system guarantees that the results of consultation will be realized, so that decisions and work are better in line with public opinion and reality."

– On September 21, 2014, the Supreme Leader said at the 65th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

"Under China’s socialist system, finding the greatest common denominator of the will and demands of the whole society is the true meaning of people’s *********," the top leader said on Sept. 21, 2014, at the 65th anniversary of the founding of the ******* People’s Political Consultative Conference.

More than half a month ago, on the 60th anniversary of the founding of the National People’s Congress, the Supreme Leader said at the meeting that we must uphold and improve the grass-roots mass autonomy system, develop grass-roots democracy, ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law, and effectively prevent the phenomenon that the people have power in form but not in fact.

********* is an important part of the cause of socialism with ******* characteristics, and an important way to ensure that the people are the masters of their own affairs. Behind the high-frequency emphasis is the continuous thinking and exploration of people’s ********* by the top leaders.

Democracy for Development:

The governance does not have to be the same, and the period is for the benefit of the people

According to statistics from People’s Daily Online reporters, in the speeches of the National People’s Congress and the National Committee of the ******* People’s Political Consultative Conference in September alone, the supreme leader mentioned the word "*********" 122 times.

"All kinds of plans that copy the Western model of political systems cannot fulfill the historical tasks of saving the Chinese nation and fighting imperialism and feudalism, nor can they stabilize China’s political situation and society, nor can they provide institutional guarantees for China to achieve national prosperity and strength and people’s happiness," the supreme leader said as he reviewed the progress of China’s democratic development at a meeting celebrating the 60th anniversary of the founding of the National People’s Congress.

"If an orange is born in Huainan, it is an orange, and if it is born in Huaibei, it is an orange." The political path needs to learn from the experience of other countries, but there is no unified model.

At the conference, the supreme leader said: "We need to learn from the beneficial achievements of foreign political civilization, but we must not give up the fundamentals of China’s political system. China has more than 9.6 million square kilometers of land and 56 ethnic groups. Whose model can we follow? Who can tell us what to do?" The supreme leader pointed out that copying the political system of other countries will not work, it will be unsuitable for the soil, it will be a tiger that will not become an anti-dog, and it will even ruin the future of the country. Only a system that is rooted in the soil of the country and absorbs abundant nutrients can be the most reliable and effective

在人民政协成立65周年大会上，最高领袖再次强调，“履不必同，期于适足；治不必同，期于利民。”保证和支持人民当家作主不是一句口号、不是一句空话，必须落实到国家政治生活和社会生活之中，保证人民依法有效行使管理国家事务、管理经济和文化事业、管理社会事务的权力。

民主反腐败：

政之所要，在乎民心

什么是民主？古往今来，不同的理论家提出了相同的理念，但怎么确保人民当家作主，却派生了不同的实践，这一问题也一直是最高领袖的思考的主题。

2005年2月1日，时任浙江省委书记的最高领袖在浙江省纪委第七次全体会议上讲话，指出构建惩治和预防腐败体系要与发展社会主义民主政治相适应。用发展民主来防止腐败，是我们党反腐倡廉的一条重要经验。这条经验在最高领袖此后对反腐败工作的指导中始终贯穿始终。

今年9月5日，最高领袖在全国人大成立60周年大会上强调，发展人民民主必须坚持依法治国、维护宪法法律权威，使民主制度化、法律化，使这种制度和法律不因领导人的改变而改变，不因领导人的看法和注意力的改变而改变。

最高领袖说，一个政党，一个政权，其前途命运取决于人心向背。人民群众反对什么、痛恨什么，我们就要坚决防范和打击。人民群众最痛恨腐败现象，我们就必须坚定不移反对腐败。要坚持用制度管权管事管人，抓紧形成不想腐、不能腐、不敢腐的有效机制，让人民监督权力，让权力在阳光下运行，把权力关进制度的笼子里。要坚持“老虎”、“苍蝇”一起打，坚持有腐必反、有贪必肃，下最大气力解决腐败问题，努力营造风清气正的党风政风和社会风气，不断以反腐倡廉的新成效取信于民。

Democracy makes friends:

A trip to the great road, the world is public

The supreme leader’s explanation of democracy is not limited to the construction of the political system of the country and the party, but also reflected in his major occasions in international affairs. The idea of "promoting the democratization of international relations" appears frequently.

"We should work together to democratize international relations," the Supreme Leader said at the 60th anniversary of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence on June 28, 2014. "The fate of the world must be in the hands of the people of all countries, and the affairs of the world should be handled by the governments and people of all countries through consultation. The idea of monopolizing international affairs is outdated, and the action of monopolizing international affairs will definitely not succeed."

In July 2014, the Supreme Leader gave a joint interview to the media of four Latin American countries. He quoted the ancient Chinese saying "A journey of the great road is also a journey of the world, and the world is for the public" to explain his views: "We maintain that the fate of the world must be jointly controlled by the people of all countries, and the affairs of the world can only be handled by the governments and people of all countries. All countries in the world, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community and should work together to promote the democratization of international relations."

On July 15, 2014, at the 6th BRICS Summit, the Supreme Leader again stressed: "We should adhere to the spirit of inclusiveness, promote mutual tolerance of different social systems, mutual learning of different cultures and civilizations, mutual benefit of different development models, and be practitioners of democratization in international relations."

From home to abroad, from the local level to the central government, the Supreme Leader deeply considered the rational path of people’s democracy and proposed a path that better reflects the will of the people. This exploration and practice has brought about a new political style of the present and will bring a new future to China.

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